☆ 4.5 Review

Different Approaches for the Preparation of Composite Ionic Liquid-Based Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications-Recent Advancements

MEMBRANES (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Immobilizing imidazolium ionic liquid in flexible proton exchange membranes to modify microstructure fracture

Di Song et al.

Summary: In this study, the imidazolium ionic liquid of (Kevlar/bmimCl/SEBS)5 membrane was immobilized in flexible proton exchange membranes (PEMs) using spin coating technology. The well-ordered distribution of components in the multilayered microstructure reduced proton conduction resistance. The stretching and folding operations had negligible effects on the microstructure and properties of the prepared PEMs, and the proton conductivities were improved compared to pristine membranes. The tensile stress values of the folding and stretching membranes were also satisfactory.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2023)

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Review Engineering, Chemical

Advancements in proton exchange membranes for high-performance high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC)

Guoqiang Li et al.

Summary: The high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) has many advantages, but current proton exchange membranes have limitations in application. By modifying and developing new composite proton exchange membranes, their performance and properties can be improved for wider application under high temperature and non-humidified conditions.

REVIEWS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

A review of proton exchange membrane fuel cell water management: Membrane electrode assembly

Qingshan Liu et al.

Summary: This article focuses on water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), introducing the latest research and progress on membrane electrode assembly (MEA) components and summarizing the influencing factors on their properties. The properties of each component play a significant role in fuel cell performance, with strong interactions between some properties. Clarifying the influence mechanisms of various properties and their interactions on fuel cell performance is crucial for designing high-performance FCs.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Electricity generation enhancement in microbial fuel cell via employing a new SPEEK based proton exchange membrane modified by goethite nanoparticles functionalized with tannic acid and sulfanilic acid

N. Saniei et al.

Summary: Hydrophilic nanoparticles of goethite and its derivatives were used to prepare proton exchange membranes (PEMs) for microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The performance of the fabricated PEMs was significantly improved in terms of power density, current density, coulombic efficiency, and COD removal compared to the bare membrane. The best result was obtained with a SPEEK nanocomposite membrane containing 0.5% wt goethite.

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A Critical Review on the Use of Ionic Liquids in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Adnan Alashkar et al.

Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive review on the incorporation of ionic liquids (ILs) into polymer blends and their utilization as proton exchange membranes (PEM). It discusses various conventional polymers that incorporate ILs and presents the methods of synthesis of IL/polymer composite membranes. The paper concludes that the presence of certain ILs can increase the conductivity of the PEM and enhance the performance of PEMFCs, but highlights the challenges of leakage and limited long-term thermal and mechanical stability.

MEMBRANES (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Constructing proton exchange membranes with high and stable proton conductivity at subzero temperature through vacuum assisted flocculation technique

Jing Zhao et al.

Summary: In this research, multilayered membranes were constructed using the vacuum assisted flocculation technique and exhibited high and stable proton conductivity at subzero temperatures.

APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Phosphorylated chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) based proton exchange membranes modified with propylammonium nitrate ionic liquid and silica filler for fuel cell applications

Nur Adiera Hanna Rosli et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of propylammonium nitrate (PAN) ionic liquid and/or silicon dioxide (SiO2) filler on the morphology and physical properties of phosphorylated chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (NMPC/PVA) composite membranes. The results showed that increasing the loading of PAN ionic liquid improved the ionic conductivity and water uptake of the composite membranes, while the addition of SiO2 filler enhanced the power density of the membranes.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Diazoniabicyclo-type poly (ionic liquid) cross-linked polybenzimidazole membrane with improved phosphoric acid retention for HT-PEMFCs

Fengxiang Liu et al.

Summary: Poly(ionic liquid)s with ion-pair aggregates are recognized as excellent modifiers for high-temperature proton exchange membranes. In this study, a bulky ionic liquid, N-(4-chlorobutyl)-N'-(5-Pentenyl)-1,4-diazoniabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane bromide ([CPDOc]Br-2), was synthesized and incorporated into polybenzimidazole (PBI) polymer as side groups. Through an in-situ free radical reaction, the cross-linked networks and poly(ionic liquid) were formed simultaneously during the membrane fabrication. Finally, the anions were exchanged into H2PO4- with base-acid doping. As a result, the PBI-CPDOc30 membrane with low PA uptake (139%) exhibited the highest conductivity (0.121 S cm(-1) at 170 degrees C), higher than that of PBI (0.083 S cm(-1)) with a PA uptake of 221%. Moreover, the PBI-CPDOc20 membrane exhibited a PA retention of up to 81% after the 400-hour test at 160 degrees C.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2022)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Renewable energy and climate change

A. G. Olabi et al.

Summary: This editorial summarized some scientific works presented at the 2018 SEEP conference, which were directly related to the scope of the RSER journal. It focused on the development of renewable energy and its positive effect on climate change, and briefly summarized the accepted manuscripts in this issue.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2022)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

The relationship between CO2 emissions, economic growth, health expenditure, and renewable and non-renewable energy consumption: Empirical evidence from Turkey

Abdulkerim Karaaslan et al.

Summary: This study investigates the effects of economic growth, health expenditure, and renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions in Turkey. The findings suggest that GDP and non-renewable energy consumption are correlated with an increase in CO2 emissions, while health expenditure and renewable energy consumption are correlated with a reduction in CO2 emissions. The study recommends that Turkish policymakers promote economic growth through the use of renewable resources and invest more in health and renewable energy projects to combat environmental pollution.

RENEWABLE ENERGY (2022)

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Article Thermodynamics

Lignin/zirconium phosphate/ionic liquids-based proton conducting membranes for high-temperature PEM fuel cells applications

Muhammad Tawalbeh et al.

ENERGY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Novel composite membrane based on zirconium phosphate-ionic liquids for high temperature PEM fuel cells

Amani Al-Othman et al.

Summary: The synthesized composite membrane exhibits high proton conductivity at elevated temperatures, making it a promising candidate for use in PEM fuel cells. The composite membranes have the potential for stable proton conductivity and may be suitable for application in high-temperature PEM fuel cells.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Protic ionic liquids/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite membranes for fuel cell application

Isabel Vazquez-Fernandez et al.

Summary: Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes as polymer electrolytes for fuel cells have attracted significant attention. This study investigated the effects of different solvents on the spherulite size and crystallinity of polymeric membranes, as well as the addition of two protic ionic liquids (PILs) to PVDF membranes. The results showed that the inclusion of a small amount of ionic liquids can increase the membrane's crystallinity, promote the production of polar crystals, and impact the proton conductivity mechanism and mechanical properties of the membranes.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Selection of proton exchange membrane fuel cell for transportation

Emmanuel Ogungbemi et al.

Summary: This study evaluates the successful application of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells in transportation, focusing on issues such as cost reduction, performance and durability improvement, infrastructure upgrade, and government policy consideration for future developments.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Enhanced Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes via Modification with Ionic Liquids for Fuel Cell Applications

Jonathan Teik Ean Goh et al.

Summary: By combining Nafion(R) with ionic liquids (2-HEAF and PAN), this study developed PEM membranes with higher ion exchange capacity and water uptake, leading to increased proton conductivity compared to pure Nafion(R) membrane.

MEMBRANES (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

New polymer electrolyte membrane for medium-temperature fuel cell applications based on cross-linked polyimide Matrimid and hydrophobic protic ionic liquid

S. Rogalsky et al.

Summary: The study synthesized a new hydrophobic protic ionic liquid, BAIM-TFSI, with good thermal stability for preparation of high thermal stability composites. Addition of up to 50 wt% ionic liquid in PI films does not significantly deteriorate the polymer's tensile strength.

MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

SnO2 nanoparticles dispersed carboxylated Poly(arylene ether sulfones) nanocomposites for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications

Munusamy Kesava et al.

Summary: A new poly (arylene ether sulfone) (CPAEs) polymer carboxylated through a Thiol Ene reaction was synthesized and characterized, along with SnO2 nanoparticles, using various analytical techniques. The properties of CPAEs/SnO2 nanocomposite membranes with different SnO2 loading levels were evaluated, showing that the 3% SnO2 NPs loaded membrane exhibited excellent ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2021)

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Article Thermodynamics

Fuel cell application in the automotive industry and future perspective

A. G. Olabi et al.

Summary: The automotive industry is a significant contributor to global emissions due to its high dependency on fossil fuels. This review discusses the current state, technological advances, and future prospects of fuel cells in the automotive industry, while also addressing factors impeding their advancement and potential solutions. The investigation aims to explore pragmatic approaches to reduce the overall cost of fuel cells and integrate them into the automotive industry.

ENERGY (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

New ionic liquid-based polyoxadiazole electrolytes for hydrogen middle-and high-temperature fuel cells

Ya Kobzar et al.

Summary: The newly designed supported ionic liquid membranes based on polyoxadiazole demonstrate high thermal stability, good oxidative stability, and sufficient mechanical properties, with stable and relatively high conductivity making them ideal for middle- and high-temperature fuel cell applications.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Applications of poly ionic liquids in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A review

Hosni Ahmed Elwan et al.

Summary: Poly ionic liquids (ILs), which combine the conventional features of polymers with unique characteristics of ILs, are being increasingly explored for advanced electrochemical applications like fuel cells. This review focuses on the applications of poly ILs in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), including different approaches to incorporating poly ILs in polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) and their performance in PEMFCs. Additionally, the contributions of poly ILs in improving the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of PEMFCs are discussed, along with recommendations for future research and usage of poly ILs in PEMFCs.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Novel double cross-linked membrane based on poly (ionic liquid) and polybenzimidazole for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Fengxiang Liu et al.

Summary: Novel double cross-linked composite membranes were successfully fabricated using diazoniabicyclo-type poly (ionic liquid) with trimethoxysilane groups ([TSPDO]BrCl) and norbornene-type polybenzimidazole (NbPBI). The membranes exhibited enhanced thermal stability, mechanical properties, and proton conductivity, with the NbPBI-TSPDO30 membrane showing the highest proton conductivity at 170 degrees C. Furthermore, the membranes displayed improved PA retention rates under different temperature and humidity conditions.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2021)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Water-energy nexus: desalination technologies and renewable energy sources

Argyris Panagopoulos

Summary: Rapid population growth and industrialization have led to a significant decline in freshwater supply, making desalination an important solution to water scarcity. However, challenges such as hyper-saline by-products and high costs hinder the widespread adoption of desalination systems. Renewable energy is a promising alternative to fossil fuels for powering desalination plants. This review analyzes desalination technologies and renewable energy sources, discussing current challenges and future research directions.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

A review of proton exchange membranes based on protic ionic liquid/polymer blends for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Hosni Ahmed Elwan et al.

Summary: Protic ionic liquids are receiving increasing research attention due to their versatile properties, particularly as ideal electrolytes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Blending various polymers with protic ILs to form solid films for PEMFCs has been explored. Five conventional polymers combined with protic ILs are discussed in detail, along with other polymers used in PEMs based on protic ILs, to provide comprehensive coverage in this area of research.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Polybenzimidazole and ionic liquid composite membranes for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Bingbing Niu et al.

Summary: Increasing the operating temperature of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) can enhance reaction kinetics, improve CO tolerance of catalysts, and simplify water-heat management systems. In this study, an ionic liquid-based polymer electrolyte was successfully fabricated, demonstrating promising performance for high temperature PEFCs. The composite membrane showed high proton conductivity and stable output performance at elevated temperatures.

SOLID STATE IONICS (2021)

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Editorial Material Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Sustainable Conversion of Renewable Energy Sources

Farooq Sher et al.

Summary: Global energy demand is increasing rapidly, leading to a focus on sustainable energy sources. Extensive research has been conducted on renewable energy, with the use of biofuels seen as a solution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. New approaches and developments are still needed for the creation of more sustainable, efficient, and affordable renewable energy systems.

SUSTAINABILITY (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Novel Ionic Conducting Composite Membrane Based on Polymerizable Ionic Liquids

Yaroslav L. Kobzar et al.

Summary: This work describes the design and characterization of new supported ionic liquid membranes for medium-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel-cell application. The membranes exhibited high thermal stability and proton conductivity, making them attractive for medium-temperature fuel-cell application.

POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Multifunctional poly(ionic liquid)s cross-linked polybenzimidazole membrane with excellent long-term stability for high temperature-proton exchange membranes fuel cells

Fengxiang Liu et al.

Summary: Novel high temperature-proton exchange membranes (HT-PEMs) are prepared based on norbornene-type PBI (NbPBI) and double bond ionic liquids, showing high proton conductivity and enhanced phosphoric acid retention. The NbPBI-MPIm membrane exhibits excellent performance at high temperatures. After acid-base doping, NbPBI-PIL membranes demonstrate superior proton transport properties.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

A Review of Hydrogen Purification Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles

Zhemin Du et al.

Summary: Hydrogen energy is considered the ultimate energy in the 21st century due to its diverse sources, cleanliness, low carbon emission, flexibility, and high efficiency, gradually replacing fossil fuel. As the H-2 fuel cell vehicle industry develops, the quality and standards of H-2 are becoming increasingly important.

CATALYSTS (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

State-of-the-art of renewable energy sources used in water desalination: Present and future prospects

Jochen Bundschuh et al.

Summary: In the past decade, there has been a global increase in the use of alternative energy sources, especially in desalination, where various renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro power are widely applied. Despite some techno-economic limitations, further research and demonstration units are needed to combine renewable energy with desalination processes for longer term performance.

DESALINATION (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Nafion degradation mechanisms in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system: A review

Paul C. Okonkwo et al.

Summary: Understanding the degradation mechanisms of the Nafion membrane in fuel cells is crucial for improving its performance, which can be achieved by fabricating and coating the membrane with materials that can withstand the electrochemical environment.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Global warming consequences of replacing natural gas with hydrogen in the domestic energy sectors of future low-carbon economies in the United Kingdom and the United States of America

R. A. Field et al.

Summary: Hydrogen has the potential to replace natural gas for heating and cooking in a zero-carbon economy, but efforts must be made to minimize hydrogen leakage to reduce global warming effects. A green hydrogen distribution system could substantially reduce the global warming consequences of domestic energy use in both the UK and the US.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A Review on Ionic Liquids-Based Membranes for Middle and High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEM FCs)

Mohammad Ebrahimi et al.

Summary: This review discusses the utilization of ionic liquids (ILs) in middle and high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, covering their structure, properties, synthesis, and the issue of leaching. Key studies are evaluated to provide updated information on the progress in this field.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Renewable and Non-renewable in the energy-emissions-climate nexus: Brazilian contributions to climate change via international trade

Marco Antonio Montoya et al.

Summary: The study examines how different economic sectors in Brazil contribute to global climate change through international trade, showing that Brazil has a much cleaner energy matrix with 47.5% renewable energy. While Brazil is a net importer of virtual non-renewable energy emissions, it is also a net exporter of virtual renewable energy emissions, positively contributing to mitigating climate change. The findings emphasize the importance of promoting trade policies and compensatory mechanisms to support sectors with climate-change comparative advantage and expanding national policies to enhance climate-change competitive advantages.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2021)

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Designing the next generation of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

Kui Jiao et al.

Summary: The rapid growth of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell technology is driving the demand for clean and sustainable global energy applications. Increasing PEMFC power density is critical for commercialization, with ambitious goals set globally. Future high-power-density PEMFCs will focus on improving membrane electrode assembly components, water and thermal management, and materials.

NATURE (2021)

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TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2021)

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Recent development of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies: A review

Lixin Fan et al.

Summary: Summary: Hydrogen has emerged as a new energy vector, beyond its industrial role, to address energy security issues in developed countries. China is actively developing hydrogen infrastructure to meet sustainability goals and growing energy demand.

ENERGY REPORTS (2021)

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Understanding the functions and modifications of interfaces in membrane electrode assemblies of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Zixuan Shangguan et al.

Summary: This study comprehensively summarizes the interfaces in MEAs, proposes four primary functions, categorizes modifications for different interfaces, and provides a modification toolbox for fuel cell developers to address specific interfacial issues. Challenges and future research trends regarding interfacial modifications are also discussed.

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High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells: progress in advanced materials and key technologies

Rizwan Haider et al.

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Enhancement of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)-based proton exchange membranes doped with different ionic liquids cations

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Protic ionic liquids immobilized in phosphoric acid -doped polybenzimidazole matrix enable polymer electrolyte fuel cell operation at 200 °C

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Investigation of Cross-Linked and Additive Containing Polymer Materials for Membranes with Improved Performance in Pervaporation and Gas Separation

Katharina Hunger et al.

MEMBRANES (2012)

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