Membranes in Water Reclamation: Treatment, Reuse and Concentrate Management

In this article, an extensive examination is provided on the possible uses of membranes and hybrid processes in wastewater treatment. While membrane technologies face certain constraints, such as membrane fouling and scaling, the incomplete elimination of emerging contaminants, elevated expenses, energy usage, and brine disposal, there are approaches that can address these challenges. Methods such as pretreating the feed water, utilizing hybrid membrane systems and hybrid dual-membrane systems, and employing other innovative membrane-based treatment techniques can enhance the efficacy of membrane processes and advance sustainability.

Automated summary

This article provides an extensive examination of the potential applications of membranes and hybrid processes in wastewater treatment. While membrane technologies bring about certain challenges, such as fouling and scaling, incomplete elimination of emerging contaminants, high costs, energy consumption, and brine disposal, there are approaches that can address these issues. Methods such as pretreating the feed water, utilizing hybrid membrane systems and hybrid dual-membrane systems, and employing other innovative membrane-based treatment techniques can enhance the effectiveness of membrane processes and promote sustainability.