Recent Advances in Small Molecular Fluorescence Probes for Fatty Liver Diseases

Fatty liver diseases are a spectrum of liver disorders consisting of the benign fatty liver, which could eventually lead to cirrhosis or even hepatocellular cancer (HCC) without timely treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis is crucial for fatty liver diseases. Liver biopsy is regarded as the gold standard in the diagnosis of fatty liver diseases. However, it is not recommended for routine use due to its invasiveness and complicated operation. Thus, it is urgent to diagnose fatty liver diseases with non-invasive and precise methods. In this regard, fluorescence imaging technology has attracted intensive attention and become a robust non-invasive method for fatty liver visualization, and a series of fluorescent probes are being intensively designed to track the biomarkers in fatty liver. In this brief review, the small molecular fluorescent probes employed in fatty liver are summarized, mainly focusing on the last four years. Moreover, current opportunities and challenges in the development of fluorescent probes for fatty liver will be highlighted.

Automated summary

Fatty liver diseases, including benign fatty liver, can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer without timely treatment. Liver biopsy, although a gold standard, is not recommended due to its invasiveness and complexity. Therefore, there is an urgent need for non-invasive and accurate methods for diagnosing fatty liver diseases. Fluorescence imaging technology has emerged as a robust method for fatty liver visualization, with the development of various fluorescent probes. This review summarizes the small molecular fluorescent probes used in fatty liver, focusing on the last four years, and highlights the current opportunities and challenges in the field.