The urban application of photovoltaics is crucial for achieving carbon-free electricity production. However, the serial connections within modules pose problems under partial shading conditions, which are common in urban environments. To address this, a partial shading-tolerance photovoltaic module is introduced. The small-area-high-voltage (SAHiV) module with rectangle and triangle shapes shows the highest partial shading tolerance in most scenarios, making it suitable for urban areas.
The urban application of photovoltaics is necessary to achieve carbon-free electricity production. However, the serial connections within modules cause problems under partial shading conditions, which is inevitable in urban applications. Therefore, a partial shading-tolerance photovoltaic module is needed. This research introduces the small-area-high-voltage (SAHiV) module with rectangle and triangle shapes for high partial shading tolerance and compares its performance with conventional and shingled modules. We tested it with discrete and continuous shading shape groups to represent unpredictable shading by simulations using LTspice with Monte Carlo simulation combined with latin hypercube sampling that were validated by comparison with experimental results. The SA-HiV triangle module exhibited the best partial shading tolerance under most scenarios. Both types of SAHiV modules (rectangular and triangular) were robust against all types of shading patterns and angles, as indicated by their stable shading-tolerance values. These modules are thus suitable for use in urban areas.
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