Invasive Fungal Infections Associated with COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic caused >6 million deaths worldwide, often from respiratory failure. Complications frequently occurred in hospitalized patients, particularly in the intensive care unit. Among these, fungal infections were a cause of high morbidity and mortality. Invasive aspergillosis, candidiasis and mucormycosis were the most serious of these infections. Risk factors included alterations in immune defense mechanisms by COVID-19 itself, as well as immunosuppression due to various therapies utilized in severely ill patients. Diagnosis was often challenging due to lack of sensitivity of current testing. Outcomes were generally poor, due to significant co-morbidities and delayed diagnosis, with mortality rates >50% in some studies. High index of clinical suspicion is needed to facilitate early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy.

Automated summary

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 6 million deaths worldwide, largely due to respiratory failure. Hospitalized patients, especially those in the intensive care unit, frequently experience complications. Fungal infections, including invasive aspergillosis, candidiasis, and mucormycosis, have posed significant morbidity and mortality risks. Risk factors include changes in immune defenses caused by COVID-19 and immunosuppression from various therapies in severely ill patients. Diagnosis is often challenging due to limited sensitivity of current tests. Overall outcomes are poor, with mortality rates exceeding 50% in some studies, primarily due to comorbidities and delayed diagnosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate antifungal therapy require a high index of clinical suspicion.