Necessity of an Integrative Animal Model for a Comprehensive Study of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Animal models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been used to study and understand the behavioral, neural, and physiological mechanisms underlying ADHD. These models allow researchers to conduct controlled experiments and manipulate specific brain regions or neurotransmitter systems to investigate the underlying causes of ADHD and test potential drug targets or treatments. However, it is essential to note that while these models can provide valuable insights, they do not ideally mimic the complex and heterogeneous nature of ADHD and should be interpreted cautiously. Additionally, since ADHD is a multifactorial disorder, environmental and epigenetic factors should be considered simultaneously. In this review, the animal models of ADHD reported thus far are classified into genetic, pharmacological, and environmental models, and the limitations of the representative models are discussed. Furthermore, we provide insights into a more reliable alternative model for the comprehensive study of ADHD.

Automated summary

Animal models have been used to study ADHD and understand its underlying mechanisms. These models allow researchers to conduct controlled experiments and investigate the causes of ADHD. However, they do not fully replicate the complexity of the disorder and caution should be exercised in interpreting the findings. Environmental and epigenetic factors should also be considered. This review discusses the limitations of existing animal models and provides insights into a more reliable alternative for studying ADHD comprehensively.