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Review
Infectious Diseases
Shagun Sharma et al.
Summary: This review compares existing and research-stage diagnostic techniques for coronavirus, revealing that despite its limitations, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the most widely used and accepted method, while new methods show potential for improving diagnosis speed and cost-effectiveness.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Sjoerd Boeschoten et al.
Summary: This article proposes a framework that combines feature engineering techniques to compare different prediction models and select the best one. The framework can automatically generate various classification models and has been demonstrated in practical and research settings.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Hyung Woo Kim et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of the STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag test in detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection and found a sensitivity of 89.2% and a specificity of 96.0%. The Ag test showed significantly lower cycle threshold values in positive patients compared to negative patients. Additionally, the sensitivity of the Ag test was higher in samples with Ct <= 30 and those collected one to five days post symptom onset. In conclusion, the STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag test can serve as an alternative in high-prevalence settings or when rRT-PCR tests are limited.
ANNALS OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Manaf Alqahtani et al.
Summary: In addition to mass vaccination, early detection and isolation of infected cases is the best way to mitigate an outbreak. This study demonstrates the potential use of rapid antigen detection test (RADT) as a cost-effective and rapid method for detecting COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ho-Jae Lim et al.
Summary: The study compared three nucleic acid extraction platforms for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and found that the KingFisher Flex and Maelstrom 9600 platforms performed well, making them suitable for large-scale virus detection and beneficial for managing COVID-19 patients.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Tamara Seitz et al.
Summary: This study evaluated and compared the clinical performance characteristics of various commercial SARS-CoV-2 AgTs, and found that AgTs show high sensitivity in patients with Ct values less than 20, with the best clinical sensitivity achieved within the first 6 days after symptom onset.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Victoria T. Chu et al.
Summary: This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of home antigen tests compared to RT-PCR and viral culture. The results show that home antigen tests have a moderate sensitivity for detecting SARS-CoV-2, with higher sensitivity in the early stage of infection and improved sensitivity with repeated testing.
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Tjasa Z. Cretnik et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the accuracy of two PCR-based techniques for detecting SARS-CoV-2 variant Alpha. The results showed that both methods had good analytical performance for the preliminary identification of SARS-CoV-2 variant Alpha.
FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Ki Ho Hong et al.
Summary: The Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine and the Korea Disease Prevention and Control Agency have released updated guidelines for diagnosing COVID-19 in clinical laboratories, including new testing methods and revised recommendations. This update will assist clinical laboratories in performing COVID-19 diagnostic tests.
ANNALS OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Aurelie Gourgeon et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of 22 SARS-CoV-2 antigen lateral flow tests (LFTs) and found that most of them exhibited satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. However, some tests yielded unacceptable proportions of false-positive results or lacked sensitivity. The sensitivity of the best-performing assays was not influenced by different variants, but the ability to detect the omicron variant may be reduced during the first few days following symptom onset.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Virology
Lan Dong et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of antigen rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDT) in diagnosing COVID-19 infection and found that Ag-RDT was highly sensitive in asymptomatic individuals with a Ct value less than 20.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ewoud Schuit et al.
Summary: This study assessed the performance of rapid antigen tests with unsupervised nasal and combined oropharyngeal and nasal self-sampling during the Omicron period. The results showed that the sensitivities of the tests decreased during the emergence of Omicron and were influenced by the proportion of confirmatory testers. Combined oropharyngeal and nasal self-sampling had slightly higher sensitivities compared to nasal self-sampling. A positive self-test result justified prompt self-isolation without the need for confirmatory testing, while individuals with a negative self-test result should adhere to general preventive measures.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Theophile Cocherie et al.
Summary: Large-scale screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection is important for epidemic prevention and control. This study compared the clinical and virological characteristics of individuals infected by Delta or Omicron variants and found that Omicron-infected individuals had lower sensitivity of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) due to lower viral load.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ho-Jae Lim et al.
Summary: In this study, the virus detection rate of self-collected swabs was compared to HCW-collected swabs. The results showed that the viral load in HCW-collected swabs was slightly higher than that in self-collected swabs. However, self-collection showed comparable sensitivity and specificity to HCW-collection, indicating that it can be a reliable alternative.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Adam S. Lauring et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yilin Liu et al.
Summary: LFAs, paper-based point-of-care diagnostic tools, have traditionally lower sensitivities and specificities than standard laboratory tests. Recent efforts have focused on optimizing assay kinetics, signal amplification, and sample preamplification to increase sensitivities, as well as improving specificity through high-affinity molecules and assay optimization. With continuing improvements, LFAs may soon offer performance competitive with laboratory techniques while retaining a rapid format.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Woo Seok Byun et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has lasted for over a year, with researchers conducting numerous empirical and epidemiological studies on a global and local scale to explore whether COVID-19 exhibits any seasonal features.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ho Jae Lim et al.
Summary: Novel primer pairs were developed to accurately detect key spike mutations of SARS-CoV-2 in this study, showing high specificity and accuracy, which is crucial for virus transmission control and patient management.
Article
Virology
Martina Pavletic et al.
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the availability of testing has often been a limiting factor in patient admissions to hospitals. By adapting an existing diagnostic assay into a point-of-care-style direct qPCR assay, researchers demonstrated the robustness and reliability of POC-dqPCR in emergency departments and similar near-patient settings, even for medical personnel with little prior experience in qPCR.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Erik Boehm et al.
Summary: Many new variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified as variants of concern/interest due to increased transmissibility, severity, immune escape, and reduced vaccine efficacy. These variants often share similar mutations, such as N501Y and E484K, which lead to partial immune escape, decreased vaccine efficacy, and potentially increased severity.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ewoud Schuit et al.
Summary: The diagnostic test accuracy of two rapid antigen tests in asymptomatic and presymptomatic close contacts of people with SARS-CoV-2 infection on day 5 after exposure was more than 60%, increasing to more than 85% after a viral load cut-off was applied as a proxy for infectiousness.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alejandro Fernandez-Montero et al.
Summary: The study suggests that rapid antigen tests are less effective in asymptomatic population compared to RT-PCR. Further research is needed to improve screenings based on rapid antigen tests, such as using clinical questionnaires to select higher-risk participants, confirming negative results with RT-PCR, or utilizing repetitive sequential testing.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Victor M. Corman et al.
Summary: This study compared the analytical sensitivity and specificity of seven commercially available antigen point-of-care test devices, showing that most devices have sensitivity overlapping with SARS-CoV-2 viral loads typically observed during the first week of symptoms, marking the infectious period in most patients. Antigen point-of-care tests with detection limits approximating virus concentrations at which patients are infectious may streamline decision-making in healthcare and public health.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Lukas Lanser et al.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Buddhisha Udugama et al.
Article
Virology
Lubna Pinky et al.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2020)
Review
Microbiology
Firas A. Rabi et al.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmad Abu Turab Naqvi et al.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2020)
Review
Respiratory System
Zhixing Zhu et al.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Farrokh Habibzadeh et al.
