Adipokines as Clinically Relevant Therapeutic Targets in Obesity

Adipokines provide an outstanding role in the comprehensive etiology of obesity and may link adipose tissue dysfunction to further metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Although several adipokines have been identified in terms of their physiological roles, many regulatory circuits remain unclear and translation from experimental studies to clinical applications has yet to occur. Nevertheless, due to their complex metabolic properties, adipokines offer immense potential for their use both as obesity-associated biomarkers and as relevant treatment strategies for overweight, obesity and metabolic comorbidities. To provide an overview of the current clinical use of adipokines, this review summarizes clinical studies investigating the potential of various adipokines with respect to diagnostic and therapeutic treatment strategies for obesity and linked metabolic disorders. Furthermore, an overview of adipokines, for which a potential for clinical use has been demonstrated in experimental studies to date, will be presented. In particular, promising data revealed that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19, FGF-21 and leptin offer great potential for future clinical application in the treatment of obesity and related comorbidities. Based on data from animal studies or other clinical applications in addition to obesity, adipokines including adiponectin, vaspin, resistin, chemerin, visfatin, bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) provide potential for human clinical application.

Automated summary

Adipokines play a crucial role in the development of obesity and its associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications. While some adipokines have been identified and studied, many regulatory mechanisms remain unclear, hindering their clinical application. However, due to their complex metabolic properties, adipokines hold great potential as biomarkers and treatment strategies for obesity and related disorders. This review summarizes current clinical studies on adipokines and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic use in obesity and metabolic disorders, highlighting the promising clinical application of fibroblast growth factors (FGF)-19, FGF-21, and leptin.