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Review
Pediatrics
Jordan Nathanielsz et al.
Summary: This article provides an up-to-date account of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and discusses the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 on children. It highlights the increased risk of infection in children due to the emergence of variants of concern and the implementation of childhood immunization programs globally to mitigate the impact.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Julian Hirt et al.
Summary: A systematic assessment of reported postacute SARS-CoV-2 infection health outcomes in children reveals a serious limitation in the robustness of the studies. None of the studies provide reliable evidence on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on postacute health outcomes and the extent of the impact.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Petter Brodin
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infections in children usually result in mild or asymptomatic infections, and the reasons behind this are not fully understood. Possible explanations include more efficient local tissue responses, better thymic function, and crossreactive immunity. Post-infectious hyperinflammatory syndromes are rare in children and young people, but very rarely seen in adults. This article offers an additional explanation to mild infections, viral dynamics, and the higher incidence of rare multisystem inflammatory syndromes in children and young people from a life history and energy allocation perspective.
Article
Immunology
Alexander C. Dowell et al.
Summary: Children exhibit stronger and more sustained immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, with higher levels of antibodies and T cell responses compared to adults, and the ability to neutralize various viral variants. These findings suggest that children may have a more robust immune system against the virus, potentially providing insight into the milder clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 in most children.
Review
Immunology
Janet Chou et al.
Summary: Children are generally resistant to severe disease resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection, but cases of pediatric COVID-19 and a new syndrome called MIS-C can occur. Studies have identified immunological differences between children and adults in their response to SARS-CoV-2, which helps to understand the pediatric immune mechanisms to the infection.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kristin J. Marks et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Adeel A. Butt et al.
Summary: According to data from the National COVID-19 Database in Qatar, Omicron variant infection causes milder disease in children/adolescents compared to Delta variant infection, as reflected by lower hospitalization rates and the need for intensive care unit (ICU) care or mechanical ventilation. Children aged 6 to <18 also have less severe disease compared to those younger than 6 years old.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jeffrey G. Klann et al.
Summary: This study aims to quantify the frequency of incidental hospitalizations during the early stage of the pandemic in multiple hospital systems in the United States and to improve COVID-19 hospitalization classification using electronic phenotyping techniques. The results showed that a large proportion of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive admissions were incidental, and EHR-based phenotyping methods were effective in differentiating hospitalizations.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juliet R. C. Pulliam et al.
Summary: This study provides two methods for monitoring reinfection trends in routine surveillance data. The results suggest immune evasion by the Omicron variant in previously infected individuals in South Africa, and there has been an increase in the risk of having a third infection since mid-November 2021.
Letter
Pediatrics
Lindsey Wang et al.
Summary: This cohort study evaluates the incidence rates and clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by the Omicron and Delta variants in children younger than 5 years in the United States.
Letter
Pediatrics
Blake Martin et al.
Summary: This study utilizes data from the US National COVID Cohort Collaborative to investigate upper airway infections in children during the surge of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the US.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kristie E.N. Clarke et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Anna A. Mensah et al.
Summary: The risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in children is lower than in adults, and reinfections are not associated with more severe disease or fatal outcomes.
LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Cleo Anastassopoulou et al.
Summary: This study analyzed cases of myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination and found a rare bimodal pattern, with a peak occurring 1-3 days post-vaccination for myocarditis, mostly in males under 30, and a second peak occurring 15-30 days post-vaccination for pericarditis, predominantly in males under 40 and both sexes over 40.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Fatemah Alhaddad et al.
Summary: This study examined reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 in children and found that reinfection is rare in this population. Previous confirmed COVID-19 in children may result in a milder reinfection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
John Kubale et al.
Summary: This study examines the burden of COVID-19 in children and finds that the youngest participants have the highest risk of symptomatic and severe cases. Additionally, symptomatic reinfections represent a significant proportion of cases.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Maram Al-Otaiby et al.
Summary: This retrospective national study in Saudi Arabia identified 4454 reinfection cases of SARS-CoV-2, accounting for 0.8% of the population. Most of the reinfections were among unvaccinated individuals, and a small percentage resulted in severe or fatal disease. The study also found that comorbidities, obesity, pregnancy, and working in healthcare facilities were strongly associated with reinfection. The Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was the most prevalent variant among the reinfection cases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Mun-Keat Looi
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is a persistent virus that poses unanswered questions to science and medicine. This article is the first in a series by The BMJ that explores our current understanding of waves and variants, and their implications for coexisting with the virus.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Snezana Medic et al.
Summary: As of January 31, 2022, SARS-CoV-2 reinfections were uncommon until the end of 2021 but became common with the advent of the Omicron variant. Most reinfections were mild. Boosters may modestly reduce reinfection risk.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chrispin Chaguza et al.
Summary: This study found that the odds of being infected with the Omicron variant were higher among vaccinated individuals compared to the Delta variant, and these odds increased with the number of vaccine doses. The positivity rates for the Delta variant were significantly reduced after two and three vaccine doses compared to unvaccinated individuals, while the positivity rate for the Omicron variant only significantly decreased after three doses.
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Dafna Yahav et al.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tatjana Pustahija et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and clinical outcomes of travel-associated COVID-19 cases in Vojvodina, Serbia from March 6 to December 31, 2020. Older age, male sex, comorbidities, longer time from return to confirmation, and symptoms onset to diagnosis were predictors of pneumonia, while anosmia and ageusia were protective factors.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Taito Kitano et al.
Summary: This study found significant differences in pediatric COVID-19 mortality and intensive care unit admission rates between low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries, suggesting a potentially larger impact of pediatric COVID-19 fatality in LMICs.
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Cleo Anastassopoulou et al.
Summary: The coronavirus continues to evolve and adapt in humans, while also finding ways to evade host immune responses, presenting an evolutionary paradox.
FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pratha Sah et al.
Summary: Quantification of asymptomatic infections is crucial for effective public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzing over 350 studies, it was estimated that 35.1% of infections never developed clinical symptoms and were truly asymptomatic. At the time of testing, 42.8% of cases showed no symptoms, including both asymptomatic and presymptomatic infections.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
George Lazaros et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marjut Haapanen et al.
Summary: The nationwide lockdown in Finland had a significant impact on the incidences of respiratory pathogens, except for SARS-CoV-2. The reopening of schools and day care centres did not have an immediate impact on the incidences of any respiratory pathogens.
Article
Pediatrics
Kristine Macartney et al.
LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2020)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Cleo Anastassopoulou et al.
FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Erik von Elm et al.
