Application of graphene and its derivatives in cementitious materials: An overview

Graphene and its derivatives (GD) have attracted extensive attention in the field of cementitious materials (CM) owing to their exceptional mechanical properties and functionalities. To date, many studies concerning the dispersion of GD in an alkaline environment of a cement matrix and the performance of graphene and its derivatives-based cementitious materials (GD/CM), including workability, mechanical properties, durability, and multi-functional characteristics, have been reported. There are both similar and controversial results in existing studies because researchers have conducted investigations from different perspectives. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize and review the latest research progress to provide a clear understanding of the influence of the performance and mechanism of GD in CM. In particular, the reinforcing mech-anisms of GD are critically discussed and analyzed in this review to complement the existing literature on ambiguity in some underlying mechanisms. In addition, the main challenges of current research are highlighted, and recommendations are provided to guide future research in relevant fields.

Automated summary

Graphene and its derivatives have gained significant attention in the field of cementitious materials due to their exceptional mechanical properties and functionalities. Various studies have examined the dispersion of graphene in a cement matrix and the performance of graphene-based cementitious materials, yielding both similar and controversial results. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the latest research progress to better understand the influence of graphene on cementitious materials and address existing ambiguities. This review critically discusses and analyzes the reinforcing mechanisms of graphene, highlights current research challenges, and provides recommendations for future studies in this area.