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Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cecylia S. Lupala et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in over 270 million infections and 5.3 million deaths worldwide. The emergence of the Omicron variant has raised concerns about reducing vaccine efficacy and neutralizing antibodies due to its numerous mutations. Analysis indicates that the Omicron variant binds more strongly to the human ACE2 protein, with mutations at the ACE2-RBD interface enhancing tight binding through increased hydrogen bonding interactions and enlarged buried solvent accessible surface area.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Giuseppe Lippi et al.
Summary: Measuring the level of protection provided by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is a reliable approach for predicting biological protection against COVID-19. However, the vast mutations in SARS-CoV-2 may compromise the reliability of current commercial immunoassays.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Jerome Barriere et al.
Summary: Considering the high risk and decreased immunogenicity in cancer patients, booster dosing after a full two-dose vaccination appears necessary. This review provides evidence to assist oncologists in determining the timing of anti-SARS-Cov2 antibody dosage and proposing early third dose if needed.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jiahui Chen et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused global panic due to its high infectivity and ability to escape vaccines. A comprehensive analysis using an artificial intelligence model and antibody structure analysis reveals that Omicron may be over 10 times more contagious than the original virus and has an 88% likelihood of vaccine escape. This study highlights the importance of developing mutation-proof vaccines and antibodies.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandile Cele et al.
Summary: The study found that the Omicron variant has reduced neutralizing effectiveness in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer BNT162b2, but those who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed better neutralization against Omicron.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yunlong Cao et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 contains 15 mutations in the receptor-binding domain, leading to evasion of over 85% of tested neutralizing antibodies. Different epitope groups of neutralizing antibodies are affected to varying degrees by single mutations of Omicron. Antibodies targeting the conserved region of sarbecovirus remain most effective against Omicron.
Article
Immunology
Franciscary Pi-Estopinan et al.
Summary: The development of a safe cell-based ELISA-virus neutralization test (cbE-VNT) as an alternative to conventional viral neutralization assays has enabled rapid, cost-effective detection of the inhibition of virus binding to ACE2-bearing cells.
Article
Immunology
Raquel Guiomar et al.
Summary: Vaccination is crucial in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study examined antibody levels in healthcare workers who were vaccinated and previously infected, and found that vaccination significantly increased antibody titers, while neutralizing antibody titers were similar to those in individuals who were previously infected. Additionally, we observed a gradual decline in antibody titers over the course of several months after vaccination.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Baoqi Zeng et al.
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC). The results showed that full vaccination was highly effective against the Alpha variant and moderately effective against the Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants. Booster vaccination was more effective against the Delta and Omicron variants. mRNA vaccines appeared to have higher effectiveness against the VOC compared to other vaccines.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Andrea Padoan et al.
Summary: This study evaluates the waning of humoral immunity after COVID-19 vaccine booster dose. The results show that the booster dose can increase anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels, which persist for at least 3-4 months. The decrease in antibody levels is less pronounced in individuals who have previously had natural COVID-19 infection.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Henning Gruell et al.
Summary: This review summarizes key findings on SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, with a focus on their clinical application.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Giuseppe Lippi et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marit J. van Gils et al.
Summary: This study compares the neutralization ability of different vaccines against various SARS-CoV-2 variants and finds that mRNA vaccines are superior to adenovirus vector-based vaccines in inducing neutralizing antibodies, both after initial vaccination and booster vaccination.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Ria Lassauniere et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hadeel T. Zedan et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of three rapid and commercially available surrogate virus neutralization tests (sVNTs) for measuring neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The sVNTs showed excellent specificity and sensitivity, with GenScript demonstrating the strongest correlation with the gold standard pseudovirus neutralization test. The sVNT provides a rapid, low-cost, and scalable alternative for measuring neutralizing antibodies, which can be valuable in various research and clinical settings.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Claudia Maria Trombetta et al.
Summary: This study assessed the immune response of correctional officers and inmates in an Italian correctional facility after receiving two doses of mRNA vaccine. The study found that most participants retained neutralizing activity against the Alpha and Gamma variants, but experienced a significant reduction in antibody response against the Beta and Omicron variants. Participants who had received primary vaccination and had previous natural infections had higher titers of neutralizing antibodies against all four variants.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Virology
George Fei Zhang et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 vaccines show varying levels of effectiveness against different variants, with Omicron being the most challenging due to its high number of mutations. Two-dose mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 vaccines provide robust neutralizing antibodies against multiple variants, but their effectiveness wanes after 6 months. One dose of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine induces weaker antibodies, particularly against Omicron. Booster shots with mRNA-based vaccines are recommended 5 months after full immunization, and mRNA-based vaccines are suggested 2 months after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Kuan-Ting Liu et al.
Summary: This article reviewed the different types of neutralization assays and international standards for SARS-CoV-2. The authors comprehensively summarized the serological assays for detecting neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and highlighted the importance of international standards for calibrating the measurement of neutralizing antibodies.
Article
Microbiology
Joseph Newman et al.
Summary: Analysis of sera from vaccinated individuals aged 70-89 reveals a decrease in neutralizing antibody titres against SARS-CoV-2 wildtype and antigenic escape of various variants of concern. Booster vaccination increases neutralizing antibody titres against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants in older adults.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Navya Bellamkonda et al.
Summary: This article discusses the development of COVID-19 vaccines and the mechanisms of various vaccine platforms, as well as the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the adjuvants used in vaccine formulations.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Heather J. Zar et al.
Summary: Naturally induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is not sufficient to prevent omicron infection in most individuals, but vaccination significantly boosts immune response and provides significant protection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Addolorata Bonifacio et al.
Summary: Serological assays are helpful in studying the development of immune response and protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Four different immunoassays were evaluated and compared with the gold standard PRNT method. The EUROIMMUN(R) NeutraLISA assay showed the best correlation and discrimination ability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Giulia Collatuzzo et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the determinants of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer at 6 months after 2-dose COVID-19 vaccination in an international cohort of healthcare workers. The results showed that female sex, young age, past infection, two vaccine doses, and mRNA and heterologous vaccination predicted higher antibody levels. These findings provide valuable data for comparison with trends observed with longer follow-ups.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Kirsten E. Lyke et al.
Summary: This study assesses the magnitude and short-term durability of neutralizing antibodies after homologous and heterologous boosting with mRNA and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines. The results show that mRNA vaccine boosting generates higher neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant compared to Ad26.COV2.S boosting. These findings have implications for protecting against Omicron and future variants of SARS-CoV-2.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yohei Seki et al.
Summary: The three-dose vaccination against the Omicron variant is effective in boosting neutralization against this variant.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yvette N. Lamb
Summary: BNT162b2, a lipid nanoparticle-formulated mRNA vaccine encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, has received emergency use authorization in multiple countries for individuals aged 16 and older to prevent COVID-19.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Einav G. Levin et al.
Summary: A study in Israel revealed that waning immunity after receiving two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine led to an increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Levels of spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies decreased more significantly in men, individuals aged 65 or older, and immunosuppressed individuals in a longitudinal study involving nearly 4000 healthcare workers.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Fabrizia Valleriani et al.
Summary: The study showed that the BNT162b2 vaccine can neutralize multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant. There was a significant reduction in neutralizing titres after the first vaccine dose, but the reduction was not significant after the second dose. Long-term follow-up research is ongoing.
Article
Microbiology
Madhusudhanan Narasimhan et al.
Summary: This study evaluated antibody responses in different populations after vaccination using new serological assays, demonstrating a significant increase in IgGSP and IgMSP values post vaccination.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Sally A. Mahmoud et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of six commercially available serological assays for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, with Roche Elecsys showing the highest sensitivity, Genscript cPass having the highest specificity, and Diasorin-TrimericS IgG demonstrating the best overall performance. Lowering the cutoff of Genscript cPass significantly improved sensitivity and agreement with the gold standard PRNT results.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David S. Khoury et al.
Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Joanna Jung et al.
Summary: The evaluation of the GenScript cPass neutralizing antibody detection assay showed satisfactory analytical and clinical performance, with a good correlation with the commonly used Ortho Vitros IgG assay. This suggests that the GenScript cPass assay can be used as an effective tool for accurate assessment of SARS-CoV-2 immune status in recovered or vaccinated individuals.
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Thomas Perkmann et al.
Summary: Reliable quantification of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for identifying possible vaccine failure and estimating protection time. Despite good overall agreement, the performance of five antibody quantification assays showed differences that highlight the need for further standardization of SARS-CoV-2 serology.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Wanbo Tai et al.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
James R. Byrnes et al.
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Marja E. Koivunen et al.
