Fine-tuning the Basicity of Deep Eutectic Solvents by Substituting Guanidine for Urea in Reline

The physicochemical properties of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) depend on the combination of hydrogen bond acceptors and hydrogen bond donors used. The basicity of a DES significantly influences its performance in CO2 chemical absorption, biomass and protein dissolution, and catalytic reactions. To the best of our knowledge, a strategy for fine-tuning the basicity of DESs has not yet been reported. Therefore, in this study, we substituted the base urea (Ur) in reline, which is a 1:2 mixture of choline chloride (ChCl) and Ur, with the superbase guanidine (Gu) to fine-tune its basicity. Binary (2Gu-ChCl) and ternary (Gu-Ur-ChCl) DESs were prepared, and their CO2 absorption capacities were investigated at 313.2 K. The equimolar mixture Gu-Ur-ChCl absorbed CO2 gas up to the molar ratio [CO2]/ [ChCl] approximate to 1.0. Therefore, the basicity of ChCl-based DES can be continuously varied by substituting more molecules of Ur with Gu. Our strategy of combining functional and non-functional molecules with similar structures to vary the basicity of DESs has potentially wide applications that utilize DESs in the future.

Automated summary

The physicochemical properties of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are influenced by the combination of hydrogen bond acceptors and hydrogen bond donors. The basicity of a DES has a significant impact on various processes such as CO2 absorption, biomass dissolution, protein dissolution, and catalytic reactions. This study introduces a strategy for fine-tuning the basicity of DESs by substituting molecules and demonstrates the potential applications of DESs in the future.