Unique Salt-Tolerance-Related QTLs, Evolved in Vigna riukiuensis (Na+ Includer) and V. nakashimae (Na+ Excluder), Shed Light on the Development of Super-Salt-Tolerant Azuki Bean (V. angularis) Cultivars

Wild relatives of crops have the potential to improve food crops, especially in terms of improving abiotic stress tolerance. Two closely related wild species of the traditional East Asian legume crops, Azuki bean (Vigna angularis), V. riukiuensis Tojinbaka and V. nakashimae Ukushima were shown to have much higher levels of salt tolerance than azuki beans. To identify the genomic regions responsible for salt tolerance in Tojinbaka and Ukushima, three interspecific hybrids were developed: (A) azuki bean cultivar Kyoto Dainagon x Tojinbaka, (B) Kyoto Dainagon x Ukushima and (C) Ukushima x Tojinbaka. Linkage maps were developed using SSR or restriction-site-associated DNA markers. There were three QTLs for percentage of wilt leaves in populations A, B and C, while populations A and B had three QTLs and population C had two QTLs for days to wilt. In population C, four QTLs were detected for Na+ concentration in the primary leaf. Among the F-2 individuals in population C, 24% showed higher salt tolerance than both wild parents, suggesting that the salt tolerance of azuki beans can be further improved by combining the QTL alleles of the two wild relatives. The marker information would facilitate the transfer of salt tolerance alleles from Tojinbaka and Ukushima to azuki beans.

Automated summary

Wild relatives of East Asian legume crops, Azuki bean, were found to have higher salt tolerance. Through hybrid breeding and molecular marker analysis, genomic regions associated with salt tolerance were identified in these wild relatives. These findings provide guidance for breeding salt-tolerant Azuki beans.