Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Leaf and Stem Extracts of Combretum molle (R. Br. ex G. Don.) Engl. & Diels

Medicinal plants offer reasonable and accessible alternatives to synthetic drugs and are often devoid of the adverse side effects, toxicity, and pathogenic resistance associated with synthetic medicine. Combretum molle has been utilized in African traditional medicinal practices and purportedly contains bioactive compounds with medicinally beneficial effects. This study investigated the hexane, chloroform, and methanol leaf and stem extracts for their antioxidant properties using the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. The study additionally analyzed the methanol extracts for their antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) bacteria using agar well diffusion. Relative to the scavenging activity of the ascorbic acid control (79.15 +/- 0.63% at 15 mu g/mL to 94.61 +/- 0.12% at 240 mu g/mL), the plant's radical scavenging activities were exceptionally high in the methanolic leaf and stem extracts (p < 0.05), ranging from 94.58 +/- 1.10% at 15 mu g/mL to 99.22 +/- 0.30% at 240 mu g/mL and 91.57 +/- 1.71% at 15 mu g/mL to 99.60 +/- 0.20% at 240 mu g/mL, respectively, suggesting a strong capacity to donate hydrogen ions. High scavenging activities were additionally observed in the chloroform stem (78.68 +/- 1.18% at 15 mu g/mL to 98.14 +/- 1.22% at 240 mu g/mL) and hexane leaf (72.12 +/- 4.38% at 15 mu g/mL to 89.87 +/- 1.50% at 240 mu g/mL) extracts (p < 0.05). All extracts exhibited poor ferric-reducing abilities in relation to the gallic acid control (100 +/- 0.00%) at all concentrations (p < 0.05). The leaf and stem extracts exhibited broad-spectrum antibiotic capabilities against both tested strains, with significant activity at higher concentrations (p < 0.05). Overall, both the leaf and stem extracts of C. molle exhibited similar antioxidant and antibacterial activities. These findings warrant further pharmacological research on C. molle for potential drug development.

Automated summary

This study investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of various extracts from Combretum molle, a medicinal plant used in African traditional medicine. The methanol extracts showed strong radical-scavenging activity and broad-spectrum antibiotic capabilities. These findings suggest that C. molle has potential as a source for developing new drugs.