The Genetic Mechanism of the Immune Response to the Rice False Smut (RFS) Fungus Ustilaginoidea virens

Rice false smut (RFS), which is caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (U. virens), has become one of the most devastating diseases in rice-growing regions worldwide. The disease results in a significant yield loss and poses health threats to humans and animals due to producing mycotoxins. In this review, we update the understanding of the symptoms and resistance genes of RFS, as well as the genomics and effectors in U. virens. We also highlight the genetic mechanism of the immune response to RFS. Finally, we analyse and explore the identification method for RFS, breeding for resistance against the disease, and interactions between the effector proteins and resistance (R) proteins, which would be involved in the development of rice disease resistance materials for breeding programmes.

Automated summary

Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is a devastating disease worldwide, resulting in significant yield loss and health threats due to mycotoxin production. This review updates the understanding of RFS symptoms, resistance genes, genomics, effectors, and immune response mechanisms. Additionally, it explores the identification methods, breeding for resistance, and interactions between effector proteins and resistance genes, which can contribute to the development of disease-resistant materials in rice breeding programs.