4.1 Review

The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection

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Nicotinic cholinergic system and COVID-19: In silico identification of interactions between α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the cryptic epitopes of SARS-Co-V and SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoproteins

George Lagoumintzis et al.

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Summary: This study found that smoking, whether current or former, significantly increases the risk of COVID-19 severity and death among patients. Further research into the causative link and underlying mechanisms of this association is necessary.

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Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Is Cytotoxic and Increases ACE2 Expression on Human Airway Epithelial Cells: Implications for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Kielan Darcy McAlinden et al.

Summary: This study found that both vaping and smoking can lead to an increase in lung ACE2 expression, increasing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection; avoiding vaping and smoking may reduce the number of COVID-19 cases and severity of the disease.

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Guiling Xiang et al.

Summary: Male, smoking, and patients aged 60 years or older with COVID-19 may face a greater risk of in-hospital death, while comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and chronic kidney disease could also influence the prognosis. Clinical features like dyspnea and fatigue may indicate worsening and death. Identifying early markers of mortality is beneficial for recognizing fatal COVID-19 cases.

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Summary: The study revealed a strong association between smoking and COVID-19 disease progression and mortality, as well as an increased risk for cases with underlying CVD. Intensive tobacco control is imperative in this regard.

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Sex differences in the induction of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) in mouse lungs after e-cigarette vapor exposure and its relevance to COVID-19

Vegi Naidu et al.

Summary: The study found that exposure to e-cigarette vapor and nicotine can lead to increased inflammation in the mouse lung and influx of immune cells into the airways, while also increasing ACE-2 expression. Male mice exposed to e-cigarette vapor containing nicotine showed a significantly higher induction of lung ACE-2 compared to females.

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Summary: The study identified potential risk factors for severe COVID-19 cases, including advanced age, male gender, obesity, smoking history, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, malignancy, and chronic liver disease. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, and acute kidney injury were found to be major hindrances to recovery.

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Summary: This study found a significant association between smoking history and the severity, ICU admission, mortality, and critical outcomes of COVID-19. Age, hypertension, diabetes, and COPD were factors that influenced this association. More detailed data from various countries are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

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Summary: The study found a significant selective reduction in membrane ACE-2 expression in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to smoking, with a positive correlation between ACE-2 reduction and nicotine delivery. Analysis also revealed differences in gene expression related to ACE-2 and endocytosis in smokers vs. non-smokers. The findings suggest a potential role for nicotine as a treatment option in COVID-19.

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You Li et al.

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Is SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein impairing macrophage function via α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors?

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Hongjie Hou et al.

Summary: A quantitative meta-analysis revealed a significant association between smoking and mortality of COVID-19 patients, with smoking increasing the risk of death. The study concluded that smoking independently contributes to an increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients, with stable and reliable results from sensitivity analysis.

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Merging old and new perspectives on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Roger L. Papke

BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2014)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Nicotine Improves Obesity and Hepatic Steatosis and ER Stress in Diet-Induced Obese Male Rats

Patricia Seoane-Collazo et al.

ENDOCRINOLOGY (2014)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Nicotine Stimulates Nerve Growth Factor in Lung Fibroblasts through an NFκB-Dependent Mechanism

Cherry Wongtrakool et al.

PLOS ONE (2014)

Article Environmental Sciences

Toxicity of Gutkha, a Smokeless Tobacco Product Gone Global: Is There More to the Toxicity than Nicotine?

Daniel N. Willis et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2014)

Article Dermatology

Wound healing and the role of fibroblasts

Bainbridge P.

Journal of Wound Care (2014)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The alpha 4 Nicotinic Receptor Promotes CD4(+) T-Cell Proliferation and a Helper T-Cell Immune Response

Jacob C. Nordman et al.

MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY (2014)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Nicotine potentiates proatherogenic effects of oxLDL by stimulating and upregulating macrophage CD36 signaling

Ming-Sheng Zhou et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY (2013)

Article Neurosciences

Nicotinic Receptors in Neurodegeneration

Inmaculada Posadas et al.

CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY (2013)

Article Clinical Neurology

Nicotine might have a protective effect in the etiology of multiple sclerosis

A. K. Hedstrom et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2013)

Article Cell Biology

Cigarette Smoke Suppresses the Surface Expression of c-kit and FcεRI on Mast Cells

M. E. Givi et al.

MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION (2013)

Review Immunology

Immune Regulatory Function of B Cells

Claudia Mauri et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 30 (2012)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Nicotine induces fibrogenic changes in human liver via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed on hepatic stellate cells

Junpei Soeda et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2012)

Article Respiratory System

Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Ulrich Costabel et al.

CLINICS IN CHEST MEDICINE (2012)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Nicotine Induces Negative Energy Balance Through Hypothalamic AMP-Activated Protein Kinase

Pablo B. Martinez de Morentin et al.

DIABETES (2012)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Additive Effects of Nicotine and High-Fat Diet on Hepatic Steatosis in Male Mice

Theodore C. Friedman et al.

ENDOCRINOLOGY (2012)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

General mechanisms of nicotine-induced fibrogenesis

Kendal Jensen et al.

FASEB JOURNAL (2012)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Nicotine and pathological angiogenesis

Jieun Lee et al.

LIFE SCIENCES (2012)

Review Critical Care Medicine

Immunopathology, Diagnosis, and Management of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Moises Selman et al.

SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2012)

Article Physiology

Nicotine exposure and the progression of chronic kidney disease: role of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Gabriel Rezonzew et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY (2012)

Article Physiology

A novel U-STAT3-dependent mechanism mediates the deleterious effects of chronic nicotine exposure on renal injury

Istvan Arany et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY (2012)

Article Physiology

Renoprotective effects of long-term oral nicotine in a rat model of spontaneous proteinuria

Pramod K. Agarwal et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY (2012)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Relative affinity of angiotensin peptides and novel ligands at AT1 and AT2 receptors

Sanja Bosnyak et al.

CLINICAL SCIENCE (2011)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Chronic Nicotine Exposure Attenuates Proangiogenic Activity on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Hyung Sub Park et al.

JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY (2011)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine in obesity and ulcerative colitis

Shaheen E. Lakhan et al.

JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2011)

Article Environmental Sciences

Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke

Reinskje Talhout et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2011)

Review Respiratory System

Amiloride-Sensitive Sodium Channels and Pulmonary Edema

Mike Althaus et al.

PULMONARY MEDICINE (2011)

Review Immunology

Protective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets

Peter J. Murray et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2011)

Article Physiology

Chronic nicotine exposure exacerbates acute renal ischemic injury

Istvan Arany et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY (2011)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The Impact of Quitting Smoking on Weight Among Women Prisoners Participating in a Smoking Cessation Intervention

Karen L. Cropsey et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH (2010)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

ACE2 Activation Promotes Antithrombotic Activity

Rodrigo A. Fraga-Silva et al.

MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2010)

Article Allergy

Passive smoking alters circulating naive/memory lymphocyte T-cell subpopulations in children

Constantine I. Vardavas et al.

PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (2010)

Review Urology & Nephrology

Macrophages and Immunologic inflammation of the Kidney

Jeremy S. Duffield

SEMINARS IN NEPHROLOGY (2010)

Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Chronic exposure to nicotine impairs cholinergic angiogenesis

Hakuoh Konishi et al.

VASCULAR MEDICINE (2010)

Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Phytochemicals in the Control of Human Appetite and Body Weight

Sonia A. Tucci

PHARMACEUTICALS (2010)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Nicotine Augments Glomerular Injury in a Rat Model of Acute Nephritis

Edgar A. Jaimes et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY (2009)

Article Physiology

SARS-CoV proteins decrease levels and activity of human ENaC via activation of distinct PKC isoforms

Hong-Long Ji et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY (2009)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Pharmacology of Nicotine: Addiction, Smoking-Induced Disease, and Therapeutics

Neal L. Benowitz

ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY (2009)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Smoking and Parkinson's disease: Does nicotine affect α-synuclein fibrillation?

Dong-Pyo Hong et al.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS (2009)

Article Allergy

Therapeutic Effect of Kakkonto in a Mouse Model of Food Allergy with Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Takeshi Yamamoto et al.

INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (2009)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cholinergic Modulation of Angiogenesis: Role of the 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

Jenny C. F. Wu et al.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY (2009)

Article Immunology

Nicotinic Attenuation of Central Nervous System Inflammation and Autoimmunity

Fu-Dong Shi et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2009)

Review Environmental Sciences

Cigarette Smoke, Inflammation, and Lung Injury: A Mechanistic Perspective

Deepak K. Bhalla et al.

JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS (2009)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Influence of Smoking on Colonic Gene Expression Profile in Crohn's Disease

Ole Haagen Nielsen et al.

PLOS ONE (2009)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Crystal structure of NL63 respiratory coronavirus receptor-binding domain complexed with its human receptor

Kailang Wu et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2009)

Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Consequences of smoking for body weight, body fat distribution, and insulin resistance

Arnaud Chiolero et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION (2008)

Article Cell Biology

MAP kinase/phosphatase pathway mediates the regulation of ACE2 by angiotensin peptides

Patricia E. Gallagher et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY (2008)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Functional diversity of T-Cell Subpopulations in subacute and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Lourdes Barrera et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2008)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Does Nicotine Influence Cytokine Profile and Subsequent Cell Cycling/Apoptotic Responses in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Marian C. Aldhous et al.

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (2008)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Cholinergic agonists attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

M. M. Yeboah et al.

KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL (2008)

Article Cell Biology

Impact of tobacco-smoke on key signaling pathways in the innate immune response in lung macrophages

Mark A. Birrell et al.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY (2008)

Article Physiology

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression and regulation in the rat kidney after ischemia-reperfusion injury

Michael M. Yeboah et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY (2008)

Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and renal disease: Novel pathogenic insights

Carlos Mercado et al.

CURRENT HYPERTENSION REPORTS (2007)

Article Hematology

A central role for nicotinic cholinergic regulation of growth factor-induced endothelial cell migration

Martin K. C. Ng et al.

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY (2007)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Nicotine: the link between cigarette smoking and the progression of renal injury?

Edgar A. Jaimes et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY (2007)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Identification of a pH sensor in the furin propeptide that regulates enzyme activation

Sylvain F. Feliciangeli et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2006)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Nicotine attenuates β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity by regulating metal homeostasis

Jie Zhang et al.

FASEB JOURNAL (2006)

Article Immunology

The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in lymphocyte development

M Skok et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY (2006)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Mechanisms of Disease: nicotine - a review of its actions in the context of gastrointestinal disease

GAO Thomas et al.

NATURE CLINICAL PRACTICE GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2005)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

A randomized trial of nicotine enemas for active ulcerative colitis

JR Ingram et al.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2005)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury

K Kuba et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2005)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Nicotinic receptors regulate B lymphocyte activation and immune response

M Skok et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2005)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure

Y Imai et al.

NATURE (2005)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Exposure to tobacco-derived materials induces overproduction of secreted proteinases in mast cells

A Small-Howard et al.

TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY (2005)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine

J Hukkanen et al.

PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2005)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Nicotine induces mitogen-activated protein kinase dependent vascular smooth muscle cell migration

G Di Luozzo et al.

ATHEROSCLEROSIS (2005)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Nicotine-related alkaloids and metabolites as inhibitors of human cytochrome P-450 2A6

TT Denton et al.

BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2004)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Cigarette smoking and infection

L Arcavi et al.

ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2004)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are expressed in B lymphocyte-derived cell lines

MV Skok et al.

MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY (2003)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome

C Drosten et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2003)

Article Neurosciences

Nicotine protects rat brain mitochondria against experimental injuries

A Cormier et al.

NEUROPHARMACOLOGY (2003)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Rapid Akt activation by nicotine and a tobacco carcinogen modulates the phenotype of normal human airway epithelial cells

KA West et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2003)

Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Nicotine, body weight and potential implications in the treatment of obesity

MD Li et al.

CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2003)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of smoking and transdermal nicotine on colonic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in ulcerative colitis

CE Richardson et al.

QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2003)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Cysteinyl Leukotrienes promote human airway smooth muscle migration

K Parameswaran et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2002)

Article Pathology

Nicotine accelerates angiogenesis and wound healing in genetically diabetic mice

J Jacobi et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2002)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Human bronchial epithelial and endothelial cells express α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Y Wang et al.

MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY (2001)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Nicotine stimulates angiogenesis and promotes tumor growth and atherosclerosis

C Heeschen et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2001)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Nicotine induced changes in gene expression by human coronary artery endothelial cells

SL Zhang et al.

ATHEROSCLEROSIS (2001)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin

LV Borovikova et al.

NATURE (2000)

Review Immunology

Mast cells in innate immunity

YA Mekori et al.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2000)