Effects of different host plants on population fitness of pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum)

Background: Host plants not only provide and living places and energy materials for insects, but also influence insect population parameters and population fitness. Methods: This study examined the influence of various host plant species on the fitness of pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum). The biological parameters and population parameters of pea aphid on 6 different host plants (Vicia fabae, Pisum sativum, Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense, Onobrychis viciaefolia and Melilotus officinalis) were observed and counted by ecological experiments, which were carried out in a control chamber. Results: The results showed that the developmental duration of 1st and 2nd instar nymphs of pea aphids on T. pratense and P. sativum was significantly prolonged, whereas that of 3rd and 4th instar nymphs on O. viciaefolia and M. officinalis was significantly shortened. Compared with the pea aphid on the V. faba, the longevity of adults on M. officinalis and P. sativum was significantly prolonged, but only the generation time on P. sativum was significantly prolonged. Moreover, the survival rate of nymphs was significantly lower on O. viciaefolia and M. sativa than on others. Net reproductive rate and mean generation time on V. faba were significantly higher than in other host plants. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (k) of pea aphid feeding of A. pisum on P. sativum and O. viciaefolia decreased. However, those on the double population time on P. sativum and O. viciaefolia were significantly higher than the others. Conclusion: The findings will clarify the population fitness of pea aphids on different hosts and guide the rational distribution of different host plants, and provide new references for aphid control strategies. (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

This study examined the influence of different host plant species on the fitness of pea aphid and observed the biological and population parameters of pea aphid on 6 different host plants. The results showed that the development, longevity, survival rate, and reproductive parameters of pea aphid varied among different host plants. The findings provide insights into the population fitness of pea aphids on different hosts and can be used to guide aphid control strategies.