Heat transfer analysis of Maxwell hybrid nanofluid with fractional Cattaneo heat flux

Hybrid nanofluids are widely used to improve the efficiency of a thermal system in many aspects of engineering and science. Therefore, the current work is design to investigate the heat transfer of Cu-Fe3O4 nanoparticles in water base Maxwell fluid flow over a cone, which is kept in a porous medium. Additionally, the fluid experiences magnetic field and thermal radiation effects. As a result, the impacts of volume fraction, porosity, magnetic field, and thermal radiation are properly taken into account. It is observed that increasing temperature time relaxation with con-stant temperature fractional derivative decreases the thermal gradient, whereas increasing temper-ature fractional derivative parameter with constant time relaxation increases the thermal gradient. Moreover, adding 1% Cu-Fe3O4 increases the heat transfer rate of the fluid up to 1.13% and 1.24% when Rd = 0 and Rd = 0:2, respectively. On the other hand, the heat transfer rate of Maxwell fluid decreases up to 0.5% in the presence of a magnetic field specifically considering M = 2 without ther-mal radiation.(c) 2023 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

This study investigates the heat transfer characteristics of Cu-Fe3O4 nanoparticles in water-based Maxwell fluid flow over a cone in a porous medium, taking into account the effects of magnetic field and thermal radiation. The results show that increasing the temperature time relaxation parameter decreases the thermal gradient, while increasing the temperature fractional derivative parameter increases the thermal gradient. Furthermore, adding 1% Cu-Fe3O4 enhances the heat transfer rate, while the presence of a magnetic field decreases the heat transfer rate of the Maxwell fluid.