Effects of higher order chemical reaction and slip conditions on mixed convection hybrid ferrofluid flow in a Darcy porous medium

Many researchers have been captivated by the ability of hybrid ferrofluid to increase heat and mass transmission, leading them to further examine the working fluid. This study is essential for figuring out how Fe3O4-CoFe2O4/H2O hybrid ferrofluid would behave thermally and massively when physical factors like a greater degree of chemical reaction (n) and slip boundary conditions are present through mixed convection stagnation point flow in Fe3O4-CoFe2O4/H2O hybrid fer-rofluid toward a permeable vertical flat plate embedded in Darcy porous medium. The complexity of the partial differential equation for heat, flow, as well as mass transfer is reduce through simi-larity transformation into a system of ordianry differential equation, before being numerically solved using the built-in solver bvp4c in MATLAB for various values of the governing parameters. Dual solutions (first and second solution) are obtained as result produced in regions of opposing and assisting flow. Hybrid ferrofluids with additional CoFe2O4 nanoparticles have a higher heat transfer rate than ferrofluids and base fluid (water). Furthermore, a different order of chemical reac-tion greatly influences the mass transfer rate. Note that the presence of thermal and concentration slips reduce the heat transfer and mass transfer rate, accordingly, and delay the boundary layer sep-aration.(c) 2023 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

This study aims to investigate the thermal and mass behavior of hybrid ferrofluid in a permeable vertical flat plate. The partial differential equation is simplified through similarity transformation, and numerical solutions are obtained using MATLAB for different parameters. Dual solutions are found in regions of opposing and assisting flow, and hybrid ferrofluids with CoFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibit higher heat transfer rates compared to ferrofluids and base fluid. The order of chemical reaction significantly affects the mass transfer rate, while the presence of thermal and concentration slips reduces the heat and mass transfer rates and delays boundary layer separation.