Mixed convection MHD hybrid nanofluid over a shrinking permeable inclined plate with thermal radiation effect

In many applications, hybrid nanofluids showed superior heat transfer outcomes; never-theless, further study is needed to expand the range of applications for hybrid nanofluids. There-fore, in this study, the radiative magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convective alumina-copper/water hybrid nanofluid flow past an inclined shrinking plate is analyzed. By incorporating similarity transformations, the PDEs of the flow model is converted to ODEs. The boundary value problem of the fourth-order accuracy code (bvp4c) is implemented to solve the mathematical model numerically. When preliminary assumptions are appropriate, the above-proposed method may pro-vide non-unique outcomes. Due to the plate's shrinking motion, two solutions are possible. The first solution is stable based on a stability study. Therefore, we only rely on the first solution for effective practical uses. The findings reported that using less copper concentration (1 % volume fraction instead of 2 %) and applying more thermal radiation and MHD effect, the heat transfer rate might increase significantly when the plate is inclined considerably (at 70 degrees). It is possible to avoid the flow separation by upsurging the copper volume fraction from 1 % to 2 % at a higher MHD effect. The boundary layer separation is not affected by the employment of various inclination angles, variable thermal radiation, and mixed convection. This study offers valuable insight into fundamental transport phenomena such as the transmission of heat, momentum, or mass. Thus, it provides valuable information on the gradients of essential factors to control the boundary layer flow pattern.(c) 2022 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

Hybrid nanofluids have shown superior heat transfer performance in various applications, but further research is needed to explore their potential in a wider range of applications. This study analyzes the flow of a radiative magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convective alumina-copper/water hybrid nanofluid past an inclined shrinking plate. By applying similarity transformations, the flow model's partial differential equations are converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The numerical solution is obtained using the fourth-order accuracy code (bvp4c) for the boundary value problem. The findings suggest that optimizing copper concentration, thermal radiation, and MHD effect can significantly enhance the heat transfer rate and prevent flow separation.