T-Cell-Dominated Immune Response Resolves Protracted SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Absence of Neutralizing Antibodies in an Immunocompromised Individual

Article Hematology

Rituximab-treated patients with lymphoma develop strong CD8 T-cell responses following COVID-19 vaccination

Jon Riise et al.

Summary: The humoral immune responses may be impaired in lymphoma patients undergoing anti-CD20 therapy, but the CD8 T-cell responses remain similar to controls. Patients on B-cell depleting therapies are likely to benefit from COVID-19 vaccines, and vaccines targeting T-cell responses to non-Spike epitopes might provide improved protection.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Immunology

Infection Control Measures and Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG among 4,554 University Hospital Employees, Munich, Germany

Johanna Erber et al.

Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospital staff in Munich, Germany and found that staff engaged in direct patient care had a similar probability of being seropositive as non-patient-facing staff. Increased risk of infection was observed in staff who had interactions with infected coworkers or private contacts, as well as those who had exposure to COVID-19 patients without appropriate personal protective equipment. The study also identified that the infection hotspots for SARS-CoV-2-positive staff and patients only partially overlapped.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Dynamics of spike-and nucleocapsid specific immunity during long-term follow-up and vaccination of SARS-CoV-2 convalescents

Nina Koerber et al.

Summary: Anti-viral immunity declines over time after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but convalescents can achieve enhanced immune response through vaccination. Virus-specific antibody titers decline rapidly, while virus-specific polyfunctional T cells persist.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Disease severity-specific neutrophil signatures in blood transcriptomes stratify COVID-19 patients

Anna C. Aschenbrenner et al.

Summary: This study provides novel insights into distinct molecular subgroups or phenotypes that are not simply explained by clinical parameters. Whole blood transcriptomes are shown to be extremely informative for COVID-19 as they capture the major drivers of disease severity, granulocytes.

GENOME MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Infectious Diseases

COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients: A systematic review of cancer, hematopoietic cell and solid organ transplant patients

Jennifer A. Belsky et al.

Summary: Severe COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has a greater impact on immunocompromised patients such as cancer and solid organ transplant recipients, leading to higher comorbidities and poorer hospital outcomes. However, hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and pediatric cancer patients tend to have clinical presentations and outcomes similar to the general population.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 evolution during treatment of chronic infection

Steven A. Kemp et al.

Summary: Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to viral evolution and increased resistance to neutralizing antibodies in immunosuppressed individuals treated with convalescent plasma. During convalescent plasma therapy, there were significant shifts in the viral population structure and sensitivity, suggesting strong selection pressure on the virus during treatment.

NATURE (2021)

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Review Immunology

Multiple Sclerosis and SARS-CoV-2: Has the Interplay Started?

Gianmarco Bellucci et al.

Summary: There is a long-standing association between MS and viral infections, with the novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, having a significant impact on the immune system that echoes several aspects of MS pathobiology. Studying COVID-19 in people with MS has helped clinicians adjust therapeutic strategies, and efforts are being made for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns in this population.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cellular and humoral immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 therapy

Sokratis A. Apostolidis et al.

Summary: Patients with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 monotherapy exhibit significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and memory B cells, while CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are robustly activated compared to healthy controls after receiving BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 mRNA vaccination.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

CD8+ T cells contribute to survival in patients with COVID-19 and hematologic cancer

Erin M. Bange et al.

Summary: In patients with cancer and COVID-19, those with hematologic cancer show impaired immune responses compared to solid cancer patients. CD8 T cells play a crucial role in survival, even in the presence of limited humoral responses. The presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in hematologic cancer patients suggests a potential therapeutic target.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Immunology

T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2

Julia Niessl et al.

Summary: Exceptional efforts have been made to understand the biology of adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, with a focus on the central role of T cells in mediating helper functions to different arms of the immune system. Specific T cell characteristics have been linked to differential COVID-19 severity and vaccine outcomes. Current research summarizes CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in acute and convalescent COVID-19, highlighting the importance of looking beyond blood to fully understand T cell function in tissue spaces.

SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology