Circulating Levels of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) in Patients with Age-Related Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter that promotes multiple biological effects in many organs and tissues. An imbalanced biosynthesis of H2S has been observed in animal models of age-related pathological conditions. However, the results from human studies are inconsistent. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies searched in Medline, Embase, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases. We included observational studies on patients with age-related diseases showing levels of H2S in blood, plasma, or serum. All the analyses were carried out with R software. 31 studies were included in the systematic review and 21 in the meta-analysis. The circulating levels of H2S were significantly reduced in patients with progressive, chronic, and degenerative diseases compared with healthy people (standardized mean difference, SMD: -1.25; 95% confidence interval, CI: -1.98; -0.52). When we stratified results by type of disorder, we observed a significant reduction in circulating levels of H2S in patients with vascular disease (e.g., hypertension) (SMD: -1.32; 95% CI: -2.43; -0.22) or kidney disease (SMD: -2.24; 95% CI: -4.40; -0.08) compared with the control group. These results could support the potential use of compounds targeting the H2S system to slow down the progression of many diseases in the elderly.

Automated summary

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter that plays a role in various biological effects. Imbalanced biosynthesis of H2S has been observed in animal models of age-related diseases, but human studies have inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis found that circulating levels of H2S were significantly reduced in patients with progressive, chronic, and degenerative diseases compared to healthy individuals. Stratified analysis also showed a significant reduction in circulating H2S levels in patients with vascular disease or kidney disease. These findings suggest that targeting the H2S system may have potential therapeutic benefits for slowing the progression of age-related diseases.