☆ 4.7 Review

Innate and Adaptive Immunity during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Biomolecular Cellular Markers and Mechanisms

VACCINES (2023)

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Article Immunology

Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 persist in the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue of children

Qin Xu et al.

Summary: Most studies have focused on peripheral blood to understand adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2, but this study examined samples from children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy to explore immune responses at the site of infection. The findings revealed evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in the tonsils and adenoids, including neutralizing antibodies and virus-specific B and T cells. These immune responses showed persistence in the upper respiratory tract, indicating a tissue-specific immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children after infection.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Pharmacovigilance follow-up of patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

Aurelie Grandvuillemin et al.

Summary: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, a national pharmacovigilance survey was conducted to monitor adverse drug reactions in patients with COVID-19. The survey revealed the occurrence of adverse reactions in both drugs used to treat COVID-19 and other drugs administered to these patients. Furthermore, drug misuse was identified as a concern in the survey.

THERAPIE (2023)

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Article Cell Biology

PD-1highCXCR5-CD4+peripheral helper T cells promote CXCR3+plasmablasts in human acute viral infection

Hiromitsu Asashima et al.

Summary: T cell-B cell interaction is crucial for immune response against severe viral infection, but its role in supporting protective humoral immunity in humans is not well understood. This study investigates CD4+ T cell subsets associated with plasma-blast expansion and clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients. The findings reveal that peripheral helper T cells (Tph cells) are increased and exhibit B cell help signatures, promoting plasmablast differentiation. Expanded plasmablasts express higher levels of CXCR3, positively correlated with activated Tph cells and better clinical outcome. This study uncovers a role for Tph cells in regulating protective B cell response during acute viral infection.

CELL REPORTS (2023)

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Article Immunology

Major alterations to monocyte and dendritic cell subsets lasting more than 6 months after hospitalization for COVID-19

Francis R. Hopkins et al.

Summary: The effects of COVID-19 on the immune system can persist for 6-7 months, with alterations in the levels and function of monocytes and dendritic cells. Myeloid derived suppressor cells and certain DC subsets may also be elevated. These changes may be associated with persistent inflammation and the presence of viral antigens.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Review Cell Biology

MHC Class II Presentation in Autoimmunity

Irina A. Ishina et al.

Summary: Antigen presentation by MHC-II is crucial for immune response and self-antigen tolerance. Certain MHC-II alleles are associated with autoimmune diseases. The process of MHC-II-mediated presentation plays a significant role in understanding the mechanisms of autoimmune diseases and the protective effect of certain MHC-II alleles.

CELLS (2023)

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Review Cell Biology

The Role of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis

Alexander V. Blagov et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the involvement of various cell populations, including immune cells and endothelial cells, in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Among them, macrophages are of particular importance due to their diverse effects on atherogenesis and inflammation in atherosclerosis. The significance of different phenotypes of macrophages in the progression or regression of atherosclerosis is discussed, including their ability to become foam cells, the consequences of this event, and their ability to create a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory environment through cytokine production at the site of atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating macrophage activity are considered, providing useful ideas for future drug developments.

CELLS (2023)

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Review Cell Biology

Regulatory T cell and macrophage crosstalk in acute lung injury: future perspectives

Tianshu Guan et al.

Summary: Acute lung injury (ALI) is the damage to endothelial cells in the lungs and associated vessels caused by various factors. ALI accompanied by inflammation and thrombosis has been reported as a common complication of SARS-COV-2 infection. Inflammation and the cytokine storm are widely accepted as the main causes of ALI. Recent studies have suggested a possible interaction between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and M2 macrophages, two anti-inflammatory cell types, in the pathogenesis of ALI. This review discusses the current understanding of ALI pathogenesis and the role of Tregs and macrophages, especially focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying their crosstalk. Understanding the role of Tregs and macrophages can potentially lead to new treatment targets for ALI.

CELL DEATH DISCOVERY (2023)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Respiratory and systemic monocytes, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in COVID-19: Implications for disease severity

Sara Falck-Jones et al.

Summary: Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020, researchers worldwide have made efforts to understand the mechanisms behind the varying range of COVID-19 disease severity. Monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) are involved in the immunopathology of COVID-19 and may play important roles in determining disease severity.

JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Immunology

CTLA4+CD4+CXCR5-FOXP3+ T cells associate with unfavorable outcome in patients with chronic HBV infection

Chunhua Wen et al.

Summary: This study reveals the existence of CTLA4(+)CD4(+)CXCR5(-)FOXP3(+) T cells with immunosuppressive features in HBV-infected patients, which are associated with unfavorable outcomes. Alleviating the immunosuppressive features of these cells may improve the prognosis of HBV infection.

BMC IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Cell Biology

Impaired CD4+ T cell response in older adults is associated with reduced immunogenicity and reactogenicity of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination

Norihide Jo et al.

Summary: Impaired CD4(+) T cell responses in older adults result in weaker humoral and cellular immunity and reduced systemic reactogenicity after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Older adults show fewer spike-specific CD4(+) T cells, including CXCR3(+) circulating follicular helper T cells and T(H)1 helper T cells, after the first dose, correlated with lower IgG levels and fewer adverse effects after the second dose compared to younger adults. Inefficient CD4(+) T cell response after the first dose may lead to decreased production of helper T cytokines, resulting in lower immune response and reduced reactogenicity.

NATURE AGING (2023)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Human Regulatory T Cells: Understanding the Role of Tregs in Select Autoimmune Skin Diseases and Post-Transplant Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

Nicole Chizara Oparaugo et al.

Summary: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial in maintaining immune tolerance and homeostasis by modulating immune system activation. They suppress the functions of effector T cells and antigen-presenting cells, but can lose their suppressive capability under certain conditions, leading to compromised immunity. This review focuses on the characteristics and mechanism of action of Tregs in autoimmune skin diseases, transplantation, and skin cancer, as well as the potential of Tregs-based cellular therapies in autoimmunity.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2023)

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Review Immunology

Broadly neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses

Yanjia Chen et al.

Summary: This article summarizes neutralizing antibodies targeting four key regions of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which are important for developing antibody therapeutics and designing next-generation vaccines.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Interferon-alpha or -beta facilitates SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary vascular infection by inducing ACE2

Timothy Klouda et al.

Summary: Severe viral pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 may be facilitated in its spread from respiratory epithelium to vasculature through an interferon response.

ANGIOGENESIS (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

B Cell Depletion and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Responses in Neuroimmunologic Patients

Barbara Kornek et al.

Summary: The study found that patients on anti-CD20 therapy had lower rates of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies compared to controls, but antibody levels were lower in patients without detectable B cells. In contrast, B-cell depleted patients showed a more pronounced T-cell response to the Wuhan strain and Delta variant compared to nondepleted patients.

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

T cell apoptosis characterizes severe Covid-19 disease

Sonia Andre et al.

Summary: By comparing COVID-19 patients with healthy donors, the study found a strong correlation between T cell apoptosis and lymphopenia in severe cases. The plasma levels of soluble FasL (sFasL) and T cell surface expression of Fas/CD95 were positively correlated with T cell death and CD4 T cell counts. The study also identified modulations in the Bcl-2 family and demonstrated the potential of a pan-caspase inhibitor, Q-VD, to prevent T cell apoptosis and enhance Th1 transcripts.

CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION (2022)

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Editorial Material Cell Biology

Novel SARS-CoV-2 receptors: ASGR1 and KREMEN1

Markus Hoffmann et al.

Summary: The study revealed that ASGR1 and KREMEN1 can also act as receptors for SARS-CoV-2, potentially impacting the range of target cells for the virus and antibody-mediated neutralization.

CELL RESEARCH (2022)

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Editorial Material Immunology

T cell epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 proteins are substantially conserved in the Omicron variant

Seong Jin Choi et al.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Editorial Material Immunology

NK cell dysfunction in patients with COVID-19

Jiacheng Bi

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Evaluation of admission levels of P, E and L selectins as predictors for thrombosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Mona M. Watany et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the levels of soluble selectins P, E, and L as predictors of thrombosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The results showed significantly higher levels of soluble selectins in COVID-19 patients compared to controls, and higher levels were found in patients who developed thrombosis. The elevated selectins were independent predictors of thrombosis, and their levels could predict thrombosis with high sensitivity. Therefore, measuring the levels of selectins at the time of hospital admission can be useful in identifying COVID-19 patients who need prophylactic anticoagulants.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Transmembrane Protease TMPRSS2 as a Therapeutic Target for COVID-19 Treatment

Lukas Wettstein et al.

Summary: TMPRSS2 is a crucial protease with widespread expression in various organs, playing a role in the entry processes of different respiratory viruses. Inhibiting TMPRSS2 activity is a promising strategy for blocking viral infections.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Allergy

Upregulation of type 1 conventional dendritic cells implicates antigen cross-presentation in multisystem inflammatory syndrome

Janice J. Huang et al.

Summary: This study aimed to analyze the immunologic features of MIS-C patients compared to febrile controls. The results showed that elevated cytokines, activation of type 1 dendritic cells, and dysregulation of NK cells were key features in the pathophysiology of this syndrome.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Oncology

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-1 and IDO-2 activity and severe course of COVID-19

Lihui Guo et al.

Summary: COVID-19 is associated with the accumulation of tryptophan degradation products in the lungs, heart, and brain. The expression of IDO-2, an isoform rarely expressed, is related to cell death and severe cellular stress in these organs. The early activation of the kynurenine/aryl-hydrocarbon receptor/IDO-2 axis may contribute to the pathology of severe COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2022)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Human genetic and immunological determinants of critical COVID-19 pneumonia

Qian Zhang et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection is generally mild, but in around 10% of cases, it can lead to severe pneumonia and potentially death. Genetic factors, such as inborn errors of type I interferons, and pre-existing auto-antibodies can increase the risk of critical illness. The production of type I interferons is essential for host defense against the virus.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

IgG3 and IgM Identified as Key to SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization in Convalescent Plasma Pools

Christina Kober et al.

Summary: Analysis of convalescent plasma shows that IgG3 and IgM play important roles in binding to SARS-CoV-2 antigens and strongly correlate with viral neutralization. Despite the relatively small mass, IgG3 and IgM collectively account for approximately 80% of the total neutralization. This has significant implications for the development of COVID-19 therapies.

PLOS ONE (2022)

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Review Environmental Sciences

CD147-spike protein interaction in COVID-19: Get the ball rolling with a novel receptor and therapeutic target

Tapan Behl et al.

Summary: The study highlights the potential role of CD147 as an alternative entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 infection, with implications for various aspects of the disease such as elevated blood glucose levels, reduced risk in women, increased susceptibility in the elderly, and greater infection susceptibility in certain cell types.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Early non-neutralizing, afucosylated antibody responses are associated with COVID-19 severity

Saborni Chakraborty et al.

Summary: A damaging inflammatory response in severe COVID-19 is associated with early non-neutralizing, afucosylated IgG antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2. Human IgG-Fc-gamma receptor interactions regulate inflammation in the lung, and antibodies elicited by mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have reduced inflammatory potential.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Virology

Immune Profiling of COVID-19 in Correlation with SARS and MERS

Bariaa A. Khalil et al.

Summary: This review examines the role of cytokines and chemokines in SARS-CoV-2 and its predecessors, highlighting the elevated levels of inflammatory mediators associated with disease severity. It also discusses potential treatment strategies targeting these factors.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cell specific peripheral immune responses predict survival in critical COVID-19 patients

Junedh M. Amrute et al.

Summary: In this study, single-cell sequencing and machine learning were used to characterize the immune response in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The researchers found cell type-specific transcriptional signatures that are associated with and can predict survival in these patients. The activation of antibody processing, early activation response, and cell cycle regulation pathways were most prominent in patients who survived the infection. Furthermore, interferon signaling and antigen presentation pathways within specific immune cell types were identified as predictors of mortality with high accuracy.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Adenosine receptor 2a agonists target mouse CD11c+T-bet+ B cells in infection and autoimmunity

Russell C. Levack et al.

Summary: The activation of A(2A) receptor depletes CD11c(+)T-bet(+) B cells and shows therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases. Targeting adenosine signaling pathway may provide a method for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Saudi Arabia implicate nucleocapsid mutations in host response and increased viral load

Tobias Mourier et al.

Summary: Monitoring the spread and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 through genome sequencing is crucial in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, the authors sequenced 892 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected from patients in Saudi Arabia and identified two consecutive mutations in the nucleocapsid protein that were associated with higher viral loads in COVID-19 patients. Through biochemical analysis, they found that the mutant protein displayed enhanced viral RNA binding and differential interaction with key host proteins. The study also revealed dysregulated interferon response genes in host cells expressing the mutant protein. These findings provide important insights into the modulation of host-virus interactions and highlight the potential of the nucleocapsid protein as a target for drug development during infection.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Review Virology

Immune responses to human respiratory coronaviruses infection in mouse models

Zhen Zhuang et al.

Summary: This review focuses on the antiviral innate immune response, antibody response, and T cell response in HCoV infected mouse models, and discusses the potential implications for understanding anti-HCoV immunity and fighting the COVID-19 pandemic.

CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY (2022)

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Article Immunology

The Transient IFN Response and the Delay of Adaptive Immunity Feature the Severity of COVID-19

Gang Xu et al.

Summary: COVID-19 patients exhibit heterogeneous and dynamic immune features, which have an impact on the clinical outcome. The immune landscape in severe COVID-19 patients fluctuates greatly, while it remains relatively stable in asymptomatic/mild cases. After recovery, the perturbed immune landscape returns to normal state.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Immunology

Persistent Oxidative Stress and Inflammasome Activation in CD14highCD16- Monocytes From COVID-19 Patients

Silvia Lucena Lage et al.

Summary: This study found that in patients with COVID-19, severe cases showed an enrichment of CD14(high)CD16(-) monocytes displaying inflammasome activation. These cells also exhibited abnormal levels of mitochondrial superoxide and lipid peroxidation, which correlated with caspase-1 activity. Additionally, the study found that the secretion of NLRP3 inflammasome-derived IL-1 beta by SARS-CoV-2-exposed monocytes in vitro partially depended on lipid peroxidation. Importantly, these altered responses persisted after short-term patient recovery.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Chemokine Receptor Activation Enhances Memory B Cell Class Switching Linked to IgE Sensitization to Alpha Gal and Cardiovascular Disease

Tanyaporn Pattarabanjird et al.

Summary: This study identified CCR6+ switched memory (SWM) B cells as potential producers of IgE to alpha-gal in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Additionally, it highlighted the non-chemotaxis roles of CCL20/CCR6 and CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in mediating IgE class switching and cell proliferation of SWM B cells respectively.

FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecular patterns amplify neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases

Miao-miao Lin et al.

Summary: Both mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation play significant roles in neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative diseases. There are multiple links between mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation, and their interaction is a complex and dynamic process. Understanding the specific molecular mechanisms associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the progression of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases is of great importance for the identification of new therapeutic targets.

ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA (2022)

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Article Allergy

Autoantibodies in COVID-19 correlate with antiviral humoral responses and distinct immune signatures

Patrick Taeschler et al.

Summary: This study reveals the presence of autoimmune-related antibody responses in COVID-19 patients, which are associated with increased antiviral humoral immune responses and inflammatory immune signatures.

ALLERGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Vimentin: Regulation and pathogenesis

Denise Paulin et al.

Summary: Vimentin, an abundant cytoplasmic intermediate filament protein, plays important roles in stabilizing intracellular structure, cell plasticity, and signaling regulation. It can also be found outside the cell, exhibiting novel functions such as secretion, cell surface presence, and involvement in viral entry. The expression of vimentin is regulated by a complex network of promoter elements and epigenetic mechanisms.

BIOCHIMIE (2022)

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Article Immunology

Maturation signatures of conventional dendritic cell subtypes in COVID-19 suggest direct viral sensing

Laura Marongiu et al.

Summary: Growing evidence suggests that in COVID-19, conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) may undergo aberrant maturation that affects T-cell activation negatively while effective T-cell responses can limit disease severity. Studies indicate that infection-induced gene signatures of cDC2 subtypes are associated with disease severity, showing increased inflammation and decreased antigen presentation capacity.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Cytokine storm and histopathological findings in 60 cases of COVID-19-related death: from viral load research to immunohistochemical quantification of major players IL-1β, IL-6, IL-15 and TNF-α

Paolo Frisoni et al.

Summary: The study involved histological analysis of autopsied samples from COVID-19-related deaths, revealing enhanced inflammatory cytokine response in COVID-19 patients, playing a significant role in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure.

FORENSIC SCIENCE MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY (2022)

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Review Immunology

Metabolic Regulation of Macrophage Activation

Ourania Kolliniati et al.

Summary: Macrophages, as central mediators of innate immune responses, adapt to different environments and nutritional resources by utilizing energy at both normoxic and hypoxic conditions and modulating signaling pathways to shape different activation phenotypes. Systemic changes in diseases can also affect macrophage metabolism, resulting in altered activation phenotypes in adipose tissue or in the periphery.

JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Human monocytes store and secrete preformed CCL5, independent of de novo protein synthesis

Arvin Tejnarine Persaud et al.

Summary: This study identifies a previously undescribed reservoir of preformed chemokine CCL5 in circulating human monocytes, allowing for immediate secretion of immune mediators upon activation, bypassing the time lag associated with de novo synthesis of cytokines. This finding implicates endosomal compartments in the intracellular storage and trafficking of CCL5 in monocytes.

JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

What Is Currently Known about the Role of CXCL10 in SARS-CoV-2 Infection?

Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk et al.

Summary: Dysregulation of the immune response is crucial in the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection. CXCL10, a chemokine, has been suggested to be associated with inflammatory diseases and may play a role in the development of COVID-19. Elevated levels of CXCL10 have been found in COVID-19 patients and are associated with disease severity and progression.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Determination of IgG1 and IgG3 SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Nucleocapsid Binding-Who Is Binding Who and Why?

Jason K. Iles et al.

Summary: The involvement of immunoglobulin G3 in the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection may contribute to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19. IgG3 showed a predominant immune response to the nucleocapsid, while IgG1 showed a predominant response to the spike protein. The spike protein also exhibited a strong affinity for IgG3 and displayed characteristics of hyper-glycosylation or glycation.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Endothelial contribution to COVID-19: an update on mechanisms and therapeutic implications

Zhangjing Ma et al.

Summary: This article reviews the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 associated endothelial dysfunction, as well as the likely pathological mechanisms such as direct cell entry or indirect immune overreactions after SARS-CoV-2 infection. It also discusses potential biomarkers indicating disease severity, particularly related to abnormal thrombosis development in severe COVID-19, a fatal vascular complication. Furthermore, it summarizes clinical trials targeting the direct and indirect pathological pathways after SARS-CoV-2 infection to prevent or inhibit virus-induced endothelial disorders.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Early and strong antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 predict disease severity in COVID-19 patients

Janis Plume et al.

Summary: This study is the first to simultaneously assess IgG, IgA, IgE, and IgM responses to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens. The results indicate that antibody responses are closely associated with the severity of the disease, and high levels of antibodies may exacerbate the disease. In addition, the study found that IgE responses to SARS-CoV-2 are positively correlated with disease severity, suggesting a link between high antibody levels and mast cell activation.

JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Inflammasome activation in infected macrophages drives COVID-19 pathology

Esen Sefik et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that lung-resident human macrophages play a critical role in the development of lung inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Macrophages activate inflammasomes, release inflammatory cytokines, and undergo pyroptosis in response to infection, contributing to the hyperinflammatory state in the lungs. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway reverses chronic lung pathology, indicating the importance of inflammasome activation in lung inflammation.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

FcγR-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of monocytes activates inflammation

Caroline Junqueira et al.

Summary: This study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection in monocytes and macrophages, mediated by antibody uptake, triggers inflammatory cell death and systemic inflammation, which prevents the production of infectious virus but contributes to COVID-19 pathogenesis.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Multiscale PHATE identifies multimodal signatures of COVID-19

Manik Kuchroo et al.

Summary: In this study, a visualization algorithm called Multiscale PHATE is used to detect disease signatures in high-dimensional biomedical data. The algorithm can analyze data at different levels of granularity and learn abstracted biological features that are predictive of disease outcome. Application of Multiscale PHATE to a COVID-19 dataset identified specific cellular responses associated with disease outcome and demonstrated improved prediction accuracy compared to naive featurization methods.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Pediatrics

The difference of the inflammatory milieu in MIS-C and severe COVID-19

Sibel Lacinel Gurlevik et al.

Summary: This study investigates the cytokine and chemokine profiles of children with MIS-C and compares them to severe/critical COVID-19 cases and healthy controls. The results suggest that IL-1 and IFN-gamma pathways play a significant role in the pathophysiology of MIS-C. These findings contribute to our understanding of immune responses in children with MIS-C and severe/critical COVID-19.

PEDIATRIC RESEARCH (2022)

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Review Virology

Mutations and Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

Nicholas Magazine et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the potential mechanisms by which common mutations on the spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 variants enhance the overall fitness of the virus. Understanding how these mutations alter viral functions can help predict the effects of future mutations and assist the scientific community in addressing viral evolution.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Circulatory Exosomes from COVID-19 Patients Trigger NLRP3 Inflammasome in Endothelial Cells

Subhayan Sur et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that exosomes from severe COVID-19 patients can enhance inflammasome activity in distant endothelial cells, leading to the secretion of IL-1 beta and inflammatory response.

MBIO (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Differential effects of macrophage subtypes on SARS-CoV-2 infection in a human pluripotent stem cell-derived model

Qizhou Lian et al.

Summary: This study uses a lung and macrophage co-culture system derived from human pluripotent stem cells to investigate the phenotype and gene expression changes in host lung cells and macrophages after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The researchers found differential immune response patterns in distinct macrophage phenotypes, which could contribute to the severity of COVID-19 disease.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Serum IL-28A/IFN-λ2 is linked to disease severity of COVID-19

Yosuke Fukuda et al.

Summary: This study found that the expression of type III interferons (IFNs) is associated with disease severity in COVID-19 patients. The low expression of IL-28A/IFN-lambda 2 may predict the severity of COVID-19 and possibly through the mechanism of delayed viral elimination.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Broadly recognized, cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 CD4 T cell epitopes are highly conserved across human coronaviruses and presented by common HLA alleles

Aniuska Becerra-Artiles et al.

Summary: This study identified a highly conserved CD4 T cell epitope, S811-831, widely recognized in human populations among convalescent COVID-19 donors and mRNA vaccine recipients. These epitopes are recognized by low-abundance CD4 T cells from convalescent COVID-19 donors, mRNA vaccine recipients, and uninfected donors.

CELL REPORTS (2022)

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Article Immunology

Control of CDH1/E-Cadherin Gene Expression and Release of a Soluble Form of E-Cadherin in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Caco-2 Intestinal Cells: Physiopathological Consequences for the Intestinal Forms of COVID-19

Ikram Omar Osman et al.

Summary: COVID-19 is the largest pandemic in this century, and it is not only characterized by respiratory damage, but also by gastrointestinal symptoms. This study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may cause damage to the epithelial barrier of the intestines by disrupting E-cadherin adherens junctions, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Microbiology

The Interplay Between Coronavirus and Type I IFN Response

Wenxiang Xue et al.

Summary: Coronaviruses pose a global threat to public health and animal breeding. Understanding the interaction between coronaviruses and the host immune system, particularly the evasion of the type I IFN response, is crucial for controlling and preventing coronavirus-related diseases. Studying how coronaviruses evade the IFN response provides insights for vaccine development and therapeutics.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Immunology

NETosis and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19: Immunothrombosis and Beyond

Yuanfeng Zhu et al.

Summary: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes respiratory problems and multi-organ dysfunction. One of the crucial mechanisms of COVID-19 immunopathology is the activation of neutrophils and the release of harmful neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Excessive NET generation has been observed in many COVID-19 patients, leading to unfavorable clotting disorders and immunothrombosis. Furthermore, excessive NETosis and NET generation are now recognized as mediators of additional pathophysiological abnormalities following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Immunology

Activated CD8+CD38+ Cells Are Associated With Worse Clinical Outcome in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Anna Bobcakova et al.

Summary: Analysis of immune parameters in 823 COVID-19 patients revealed associations between certain immune markers and disease severity and outcomes, but none of the parameters had sufficient sensitivity or specificity to be considered a biomarker of fatal outcome.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Immunology

Differential Functional Responses of Neutrophil Subsets in Severe COVID-19 Patients

Kenneth R. McLeish et al.

Summary: Neutrophil subsets in COVID-19 patients have distinct functional capabilities, with severe cases showing enhanced phagocytosis and degranulation, while low density neutrophils exhibit impaired functions. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pathology of COVID-19.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

CXCL10/IP10 as a Biomarker Linking Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome and Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Children with SARS-CoV-2

Evic Zeynep Basar et al.

Summary: This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of CXCL10/IP10 for left ventricular dysfunction in MIS-C patients. The results suggest that CXCL10/IP10 may be a potential biomarker for predicting LV dysfunction in MIS-C patients.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Increased Risk of Hypothyroidism in People with Asthma: Evidence from a Real-World Population-Based Study

Shih-Cheng Huang et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the risk of developing hypothyroidism in asthma patients. The results showed an association between asthma and an increased risk of hypothyroidism.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

CCL27 is a crucial regulator of immune homeostasis of the skin and mucosal tissues

Micha L. Davila et al.

Summary: CCL27 is critical for establishing resident lymphocytes and maintaining immune homeostasis in barrier tissues. CCL27 deficiency leads to reduced presence and dysregulated localization of T cells, as well as overactive immune responses.

ISCIENCE (2022)

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Article Rheumatology

Autoantibodies against interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study

Jochen Pfeifer et al.

Summary: Autoantibodies against IL-1Ra were observed in a high proportion of patients with MIS-C and may impair IL-1Ra function, leading to increased IL-1 beta signaling in MIS-C.

LANCET RHEUMATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Long-Term Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA-Based Vaccine on B Cell Compartment: Efficient Recall of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Memory B Cells

Rosalia Busa et al.

Summary: Through observation of individuals with normal immune function, we found that the third dose of mRNA vaccine is less effective in promoting specific IgG and IgA compared to natural infection. In addition, uninfected vaccinated individuals showed decreased resistance to virus variants compared to recovered individuals, who demonstrated enhanced neutralizing ability, particularly against the omicron variant. Finally, we discovered a pool of B cells in both groups that were capable of producing anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulins.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Transcriptional reprogramming from innate immune functions to a pro-thrombotic signature by monocytes in COVID-19

Allison K. Maher et al.

Summary: This study reveals that monocytes in COVID-19 patients exhibit altered expression of cell surface receptors and metabolic profiles, distinguishing them from healthy monocytes. In moderate COVID-19 cases, they display defects in pro-inflammatory cytokine and type-I IFN production upon secondary pathogen sensing, as well as defects in glycolysis. At the transcriptional level, COVID-19 monocytes switch to a pro-thrombotic signature, with enrichment of pathways involved in hemostasis, immunothrombosis, platelet aggregation, and clot formation.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immunophenotype and function of circulating myeloid derived suppressor cells in COVID-19 patients

Fatemeh Kiaee et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the function of MDSCs in COVID-19 patients. The results showed higher percentages of M-MDSCs in male patients and P-MDSCs in female patients in both moderate and severe cases. The MDSCs of COVID-19 patients suppressed T cell proliferation and intracellular levels of IFN-gamma, while TGF-beta levels were elevated. These findings suggest that MDSCs may play a role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Arf1 facilitates mast cell proliferation via the mTORC1 pathway

Yui Kotani et al.

Summary: This study reveals that Arf1 plays an important role in the activation of mTORC1 and cell proliferation in mast cells, but has little impact on degranulation and cytokine secretion. This finding suggests the potential of Arf1 as a therapeutic target for mast cell proliferative disorders.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

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Review Immunology

The role of metabolism on regulatory T cell development and its impact in tumor and transplantation immunity

Aleksey S. Bulygin et al.

Summary: This article reviews the latest research on the regulation of tissue specificity and heterogeneity of regulatory T (Treg) cells by extracellular factors and intracellular metabolic signaling pathways. Understanding the metabolic regulation of Treg cells has important implications for immune homeostasis and disorders such as autoimmune diseases and cancer.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Immunology

Macrophages and γδ T cells interplay during SARS-CoV-2 variants infection

Perla Abou Atmeh et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that various SARS-CoV-2 variants can infect macrophages, modulate their activation states, affect ACE2 expression, and influence the activation of gamma delta 2 T cells.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Immunology

Chemokine receptor CCR9 suppresses the differentiation of CD4+CD8αα+ intraepithelial T cells in the gut

Can Li et al.

Summary: This study reveals the important role of CCR9 in the tissue differentiation and effector function of CD4 T cells in the gut.

MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Antibody evasion by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5

Qian Wang et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have become dominant in the United States and South Africa, raising concerns about their ability to evade neutralizing antibodies and compromise the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic monoclonals. A systematic antigenic analysis reveals that BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have different levels of resistance to antibodies, with BA.2.12.1 being modestly resistant and BA.4/5 being substantially resistant. Certain mutations in the spike protein facilitate antibody escape, but compromise the spike affinity for the viral receptor. Only bebtelovimab retains full potency against both subvariants.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Immunology

An Immunological Review of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccine Serology: Innate and Adaptive Responses to mRNA, Adenovirus, Inactivated and Protein Subunit Vaccines

Suhaila A. Al-Sheboul et al.

Vaccines (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Analytical

Review of COVID-19 testing and diagnostic methods

Olena Filchakova et al.

Summary: More than six billion tests for COVID-19 have been conducted worldwide. This article emphasizes the importance of testing for the SARS-CoV-2 virus and corresponding human antibodies, not only for medical diagnosis and treatment, but also for economic and social activities. The review discusses the parameters of these tests and compares different detection methods. While RT-PCR remains the gold standard, there is a need for alternative methods that are less expensive and more accessible.

TALANTA (2022)

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Article Virology

Regulatory T Cells Decreased during Recovery from Mild COVID-19

Purilap Seepathomnarong et al.

Summary: This study investigated the dynamic changes and cytokine production of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with mild COVID-19. The results showed an increase in the percentage of Treg cells during active infection, and CD25(+)CD127(low) T cells produced IL-10 and TGF-beta, especially with N peptide stimulation. In addition, S1 peptide stimulation induced a higher IFN-gamma-secreting CD8(+) T-cell response compared to N peptide stimulation. These findings suggest that Tregs have an important role in regulating inflammatory responses in mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, and novel vaccine development should consider enhancing T-cell repertoires.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Expression of tolerogenic dendritic cells in the small intestinal tissue of patients with celiac disease

Farzaneh Kheiri et al.

Summary: This study found that the gene expression levels of CD11c, CD103, CD207 and IDO markers were higher in CeD patients compared to the controls, indicating the efforts of dendritic cells to counterbalance the gliadin-triggered abnormal immune responses in CeD patients.

HELIYON (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Single-cell profiling of the antigen-specific response to BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccine

Kevin J. Kramer et al.

Summary: Through the analysis of multiple single-cell technologies, researchers have identified antigen-specific cells and antibody responses to the RNA vaccine BNT162b2, which is crucial for understanding the immune mechanisms of RNA vaccines.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structure of SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein essential for virus assembly

Zhikuan Zhang et al.

Summary: M protein plays an essential role in the assembly and morphogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. The researchers found that M protein forms a mushroom-shaped dimer and further assembles into higher-order oligomers. The interaction of M protein with nucleocapsid protein and RNA suggests its role in the recruitment of these components during virus assembly.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Review Immunology

Mucus and Mucins: The Underappreciated Host Defence System

Yong Hua Sheng et al.

Summary: This article focuses on the dynamic function of mucins and mucus during infection, the regulation of the mucosal barrier, and how pathogens have evolved mechanisms to evade this defense system.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Immunology

Role of Vγ9vδ2 T lymphocytes in infectious diseases

Laetitia Gay et al.

Summary: V gamma 9V delta 2 T cells bridge innate and adaptive antimicrobial immunity in primates by responding to phosphoantigens in a BTN3 and BTN2A1 dependent manner. They kill infected cells mainly by releasing lytic mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducing target cell apoptosis, and promoting the initiation of the adaptive immune response through chemokine and cytokine release.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Immunology

Antigenic Determinants of SARS-CoV-2-Specific CD4+ T Cell Lines Reveals M Protein-Driven Dysregulation of Interferon Signaling

Pedro H. Gazzinelli-Guimaraes et al.

Summary: The spike and membrane proteins of SARS-CoV-2 drive distinct CD4(+) T cell responses, with the spike protein inducing responses similar to other viral antigens and the membrane protein suppressing interferon signaling.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Microbiology

TLR4 regulates RORγt+ regulatory T-cell responses and susceptibility to colon inflammation through interaction with Akkermansia muciniphila

Yaojiang Liu et al.

Summary: TLR4 plays a protective role in preventing intestinal inflammation by modulating immune responses associated with A. muciniphila. This finding provides a new perspective on host-commensal symbiosis and may contribute to the development of potential therapeutic strategies.

MICROBIOME (2022)

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Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in unexposed adults display broad trafficking potential and cross-react with commensal antigens

Laurent Bartolo et al.

Summary: The baseline composition of T cells has a direct impact on the response to pathogens, and the precursor states of these cells are complex and not well defined. This study examined the baseline state of T cells specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in prepandemic blood samples. The data revealed a diverse range of preexisting memory states in these cells, with distinct features and potential for trafficking to barrier tissues. The study also found cross-reactivity between T cell clones and antigens from commensal bacteria, highlighting the importance of noninfectious exposures to shaping preexisting immunity to SARS-CoV-2.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Editorial Material Immunology

CXCL9 and CXCL10 bring the heat to tumors

Robin Reschke et al.

Summary: CXCL9 and CXCL10 are produced by antigen-presenting cells and tumor cells, and they co-localize with LAG3(+) T cells expressing CCL4 or CXCL13, contributing to the generation of a hot tumor microenvironment.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The gripping story of integrins

James E. Rothman

Summary: The foundational research, recognized by the 2021 Lasker Basic Science Research Award, unveils important discoveries about integrins, key mediators of cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion. This research has its roots dating back to the 1970s.

CELL (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Altered M1/M2 polarization of alveolar macrophages is involved in the pathological responses of acute silicosis in rats in vivo

Zhaoqiang Zhang et al.

Summary: This study found that in the development of acute silicosis, alveolar macrophages undergo dynamic changes in M1 and M2 phenotypes. In the early stages, they are mainly polarized into M1, gradually shifting towards M2 polarization with time, accompanied by significant pathological responses.

TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH (2022)

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Review Primary Health Care

The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in COVID-19

Pamela Kushner et al.

Summary: This narrative literature review examined the relationship between NSAID use and COVID-19 outcomes. The findings indicate that NSAIDs do not increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or worsen outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Current recommendations from major public health authorities support the use of NSAIDs for pain relief and fever reduction during the pandemic.

NPJ PRIMARY CARE RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Immunology

Autoantibodies elicited with SARS-CoV-2 infection are linked to alterations in double negative B cells

Moriah J. Castleman et al.

Summary: The study verifies the association between severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and a decrease in DN1 cell frequency and an increase in DN2 and DN3 cell frequency. It further demonstrates that DN subsets are activated and show changes in immunoglobulin class isotype frequency and functional BCR signaling during severe viral infection. Increases in overall systemic inflammation and specific pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly correlate with shifts in DN1, DN2, and DN3 subsets. Importantly, the reduction in DN1 cell frequency and expansion of the DN3 population during severe infection significantly correlate with increased levels of serum autoantibodies, suggesting the impact of systemic inflammation on the frequency of Double Negative subsets and their contribution to autoreactive antibody production.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Immunology

The role of B cells in COVID-19 infection and vaccination

Shiru Chen et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the importance of B cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune responses, as well as their role in vaccination. It provides insights for medical workers and researchers on the interaction between B cells and the virus.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Plasma proteomic signature predicts who will get persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection

Gabriella Captur et al.

Summary: This study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the plasma proteome for at least 6 weeks, and the proteomic signature at the time of seroconversion can predict the likelihood of persistent symptoms related to the infection.

EBIOMEDICINE (2022)

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Review Oncology

Glycocalyx Acts as a Central Player in the Development of Tumor Microenvironment by Extracellular Vesicles for Angiogenesis and Metastasis

Ye Zeng et al.

Summary: The glycocalyx plays a crucial role in the development of the tumor microenvironment, while extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important components that regulate the microenvironment. EVs can modify the glycocalyx by carrying specific components, facilitating the development of the tumor microenvironment.

CANCERS (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Immunological imprint on peripheral blood in kidney transplant recipients after two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in Japan

Shinya Takiguchi et al.

Summary: Immunological response after two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination is impaired in kidney transplant recipients, indicating the need for modified vaccination strategies.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: Targets of new therapies and surveillance tools

Ioannis Parodis et al.

Summary: The hyperactivity of B cells in SLE has led to the development of various B cell altering agents for treatment, with belimumab being the first biological agent to be licensed for SLE. B cell depletion, especially with rituximab, has shown promise in refractory cases, while experimental therapies targeting terminally differentiated B cells are also being explored. B and plasma cells have potential as surveillance markers for monitoring SLE patients undergoing B cell altering therapies, aiding in personalized precision treatment strategies.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Vimentin is an important ACE2 co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in epithelial cells

Jeffrey Arrindell et al.

Summary: This study investigated the role of vimentin in SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and its impact on viral replication and cellular response. The researchers found that vimentin is upregulated at the cell surface upon infection and acts as a co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Inhibition of cell-surface vimentin reduces viral entry and cytopathogenic effects. The study also revealed that vimentin-SARS-CoV-2 interaction modulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

ISCIENCE (2022)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

The role of SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins in immune evasion

Milad Zandi et al.

Summary: The accessory proteins of SARS-CoV-2 play significant roles in immune evasion and viral pathogenesis, making them potential targets for drug development. The IFN-I and IFN-III responses are essential for clearing the infection. Several SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins, such as ORF3a, ORF7a, and ORF7b, inhibit the host's IFN-beta response.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Longitudinal characterization of circulating neutrophils uncovers phenotypes associated with severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Thomas J. LaSalle et al.

Summary: This study investigated the mechanisms of neutrophil involvement in severe COVID-19. The researchers collected blood samples from both COVID-19 patients and controls and performed various analyses. They found different neutrophil states in severe cases compared to recovering patients. Additionally, they identified humoral responses as potential drivers of neutrophil effector functions, and IgA antibodies were found to be associated with mortality.

CELL REPORTS MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Immunology

Understanding COVID-19-associated coagulopathy

Edward M. Conway et al.

Summary: In this article, the authors discuss the emerging understanding of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and the need to comprehend its cellular and molecular mechanisms. They categorize the current understanding into three main pathological mechanisms and address key questions and research gaps in order to improve diagnosis and treatment. The suitability of animal models for studying this condition is also considered.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Gasdermin-D activation by SARS-CoV-2 triggers NET and mediate COVID-19 immunopathology

Camila Meirelles S. Silva et al.

Summary: This study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 virus directly activates GSDMD, leading to the production of NETs and organ damage in COVID-19. Single-cell transcriptome analysis shows increased expression of GSDMD and inflammasome-related genes in COVID-19 patients. Treatment with disulfiram inhibits NETs release and reduces organ damage in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

CRITICAL CARE (2022)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Flow cytometry analysis of endothelial cells and subsets of exhausted CD8+ T cells in murine tumor models

Lucas Blanchard et al.

Summary: This article presents a protocol for flow cytometry analysis of endothelial cells (ECs) and CD8+ T cells in murine tumor models, including baseline and post-immunotherapy analysis. The protocol is valuable for studying rare subsets of cells that play critical roles in antitumor immunity.

STAR PROTOCOLS (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

The impact of IgG subclass deficiency on the risk of mortality in hospitalized patients with COPD

Hyun Lee et al.

Summary: In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), IgG1 and IgG4 deficiencies are significantly associated with an increased risk of 1-year mortality, while IgG2 and IgG3 deficiencies do not significantly increase mortality rates.

RESPIRATORY RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Immunology

Immunomodulation by endothelial cells - partnering up with the immune system?

Jacob Amersfoort et al.

Summary: Blood vessel endothelial cells (ECs) play a crucial role in regulating inflammation, and specific subtypes of ECs in different tissues and organs have distinct immunomodulatory capacities. These specific subtypes could be considered as targets for new immunotherapeutic approaches.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Immunology

The germinal centre B cell response to SARS-CoV-2

Brian J. Laidlaw et al.

Summary: The GC response is crucial in establishing durable and broad immunity against SARS-CoV-2, with emerging evidence suggesting new approaches to modulate GC response and long-term immune responses induced by vaccines. Importantly, GC B cell responses persist for at least 6 months in some individuals following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Immunology

CXCL9 and CXCL10 bring the heat to tumors

Robin Reschke et al.

Summary: CXCL9 and CXCL10, produced by antigen-presenting cells and tumor cells, co-localize with LAG3(+) T cells expressing CCL4 or CXCL13, contributing to the generation of a hot tumor microenvironment.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Cell Biology

HLA-DR-expressing NK cells: Effective killers suspected for antigen presentation

Sofya A. Erokhina et al.

Summary: HLA-DR+ NK cells display characteristics of both NK cells and dendritic cells, and are considered significant players in the innate immune system due to their functional activities in producing cytokines, degranulation, and antigen presentation to T cells.

JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Oncology

Novel insights into the function ofCD24: A driving force in cancer

Peter Altevogt et al.

Summary: CD24 is a highly glycosylated protein expressed primarily by immune cells and often overexpressed in human tumors. It plays a role in regulating cell migration, invasion and proliferation in cancer, associated with poor prognosis and used as a cancer stemness marker. The review summarizes recent progress on the role of CD24-Siglec-10 binding axis in tumor immunity and the potential of CD24-based immunotherapy in cancer.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2021)

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Editorial Material Virology

Elevated MUC1 and MUC5AC mucin protein levels in airway mucus of critical ill COVID-19 patients

Wenju Lu et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Neutrophil expressed CD47 regulates CD11b/CD18-dependent neutrophil transepithelial migration in the intestine in vivo

Veronica Azcutia et al.

Summary: Dysregulated neutrophil transmigration across epithelial surfaces plays a significant role in chronic inflammatory diseases, with CD47 identified as a key player in regulating this process. Tissue-specific CD47 knockout mice provide a valuable tool for studying the contributions of cells expressing CD47 to inflammation in vivo.

MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

TLR4 and CD14 trafficking and its influence on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory signaling

Anna Ciesielska et al.

Summary: This article discusses the role of TLR4 in promoting inflammatory responses, including internalization and intracellular trafficking of exogenous endotoxin and bacteria. The authors emphasize the significant impact of internalization rate and endo-lysosomal compartment transport rate on inflammatory responses.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

IL-10 and IL-12 (P70) Levels Predict the Risk of Covid-19 Progression in Hypertensive Patients: Insights From the BRACE-CORONA Trial

Renata Moll-Bernardes et al.

Summary: The study identified that interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 (p70) levels, in combination with clinical variables at hospital admission, are key biomarkers associated with an increased risk of disease progression in hypertensive patients with COVID-19.

FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Neutralizing and cross-reacting antibodies: implications for immunotherapy and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development

Samuel A. Cohen et al.

Summary: This passage discusses the origin and spread of the novel coronavirus, as well as the current progress in developing vaccines against it. It mentions methods for treating COVID-19 patients, and the potential cross-neutralizing effects of antibodies against seasonal human coronaviruses on SARS-CoV-2.

HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Th17 and Treg cells function in SARS-CoV2 patients compared with healthy controls

Armin Sadeghi et al.

Summary: In COVID-19 patients, an increase in Th17 cells and decrease in Treg cells are associated with hyperinflammation and disease progression, with a higher inflammatory ratio observed in deceased patients compared to those who improved, indicating the critical role of inflammation in patient mortality.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides define heterologous and COVID-19-induced T cell recognition

Annika Nelde et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell epitopes were identified in convalescent and unexposed individuals, showing cross-reactivity with common cold coronaviruses. The diversity of SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses may be associated with mild symptoms of COVID-19.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Pediatrics

The role of integrins in inflammation and angiogenesis

Olachi J. Mezu-Ndubuisi et al.

Summary: Integrins are heterodimeric receptors composed of alpha and beta subunits, playing crucial roles in cell adhesion, growth, migration, and signaling. Research indicates their promising therapeutic potential in diseases of inflammation, infection, and angiogenesis in infants.

PEDIATRIC RESEARCH (2021)

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Letter Hematology

Plasma P-selectin is an early marker of thromboembolism in COVID-19

Bank G. Fenyves et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Allergy

Elastase and exacerbation of neutrophil innate immunity are involved in multi-visceral manifestations of COVID-19

Jean-Louis Gueant et al.

Summary: The study found that levels of neutrophil elastase and histone-DNA were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients, while DNase activity was notably decreased. These markers were associated with disease severity and multi-organ manifestations, suggesting they could potentially serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for severe systemic manifestations of COVID-19.

ALLERGY (2021)

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Meeting Abstract Hematology

A Phase I/II Dose-Escalation Multi-Center Study to Evaluate the Safety of Infusion of Natural Killer Cells or Memory T Cells As Adoptive Therapy in Coronavirus Pneumonia and/or Lymphopenia: (RELEASE NCT04578210)

Antonio Perez-Martinez et al.

BLOOD (2021)

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Meeting Abstract Hematology

SARS-CoV-2 Ion Channel ORF3a Enables TMEM16F-Dependent Phosphatidylserine Externalization to Augment Procoagulant Activity of the Tenase and Prothrombinase Complexes

Jacob G. Ludington et al.

BLOOD (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers profibrotic macrophage responses and lung fibrosis

Daniel Wendisch et al.

Summary: Analysis of pulmonary immune responses and lung pathology in patients with COVID-19 ARDS revealed an accumulation of profibrotic macrophages and similarities with macrophage populations in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 induced a profibrotic phenotype in human monocytes, suggesting a mechanistic link between the virus and fibroproliferative ARDS.

CELL (2021)

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Editorial Material Immunology

T Cell Memory: Understanding COVID-19

Nicholas N. Jarjour et al.

Summary: This primer discusses the fundamental features of T cell memory and their potential relevance for effective immunity to SARS-CoV-2, as the focus shifts towards establishing natural and vaccine-induced immunity against COVID-19.

IMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Immunology

TNF-α Regulates Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells by Suppressing IFN-α Production and Enhancing T Cell Activation

Antonios Psarras et al.

Summary: TNF-alpha inhibits the secretion of IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha by pDCs, while promoting their maturation and upregulation of certain molecules such as CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, and CCR7. TNF-alpha also affects various pathways such as IRF7 and NF-kappa B, leading to enhanced T cell activation and differentiation, which may have implications in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Early Differences in Cytokine Production by Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Lidya Handayani Tjan et al.

Summary: Research has shown that patients with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 have significantly higher levels of serum cytokines during the acute phase of infection, indicating the key roles of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

COVID-19 and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4): SARS-CoV-2 May Bind and Activate TLR4 to Increase ACE2 Expression, Facilitating Entry and Causing Hyperinflammation

Mohamed M. Aboudounya et al.

Summary: Mortality in COVID-19 is caused by respiratory failure, heart failure, and sepsis/multiorgan failure. TLR4, an innate immune receptor, recognizes viral proteins and triggers immune responses. SARS-CoV-2 binds to TLR4, potentially leading to inflammation and multi-organ injury.

MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Afucosylated IgG characterizes enveloped viral responses and correlates with COVID-19 severity

Mads Delbo Larsen et al.

Summary: This study reveals that afucosylated IgG antibodies are specifically formed against enveloped viruses, but not generally against other antigens. These antibodies enhance Fc gamma RIIIa responses, but also exacerbate cytokine storms and immune-mediated pathologies.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

IgA dominates the early neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2

Delphine Sterlin et al.

Summary: The study found that humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection are dominated by IgA antibodies, with specific IgA plasmablasts rapidly expanding shortly after symptom onset and peaking in the third week of the disease. Virus-specific antibody responses include IgG, IgM, and IgA, with IgA playing a greater role in virus neutralization compared to IgG.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Immunology

The immunology of sepsis

Tom van der Poll et al.

Summary: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by infection-induced organ dysfunction, characterized by unbalanced hyperinflammation and immune suppression. Current research aims to stratify sepsis patients into more similar subgroups to better identify those who are likely to benefit from specific immune interventions.

IMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8, IP-10/CXCL 10 levels on the severity in COVID 19 infection

Fatma Kesmez Can et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the significance of IL6, IL8/CXCL8, and IP10/CXCL10, and biochemical parameters in predicting the severity of COVID-19 in healthy volunteers and patients. The results showed that IL-6, IL-8, and IP-10 levels were significantly higher in severe patients, with positive correlations between IL-8 and IL-6, IP-10 and IL-6, and IP-10 and IL-8 levels. Biomarkers like IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, CRP, PCT, and LY parameters were found to be associated with the severity of the disease.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mortality in the United States general population

Minkyo Song et al.

Summary: The study found that in the general population, NLR is associated with overall mortality and mortality due to specific causes such as heart disease, chronic lower respiratory disease, influenza/pneumonia, and kidney disease. Additionally, NLR is only associated with cancer mortality in the first follow-up year. These associations suggest potential effects of disordered inflammation and immunity on disease progression and etiology.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Review Microbiology

The role of Neuropilin-1 in COVID-19

Bindu S. Mayi et al.

Summary: NRP-1, a member of a family of signaling proteins, plays a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be involved in immune function, transmission pathways, and disease severity. Research suggests NRP-1 could serve as a therapeutic target in SARS-CoV-2 infections, highlighting the need for further study.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Identification of conserved SARS-CoV-2 spike epitopes that expand public cTfh clonotypes in mild COVID-19 patients

Xiuyuan Lu et al.

Summary: Through single-cell TCR and RNA sequencing, researchers identified public cTfh clonotypes expanded in recovered COVID-19 patients, determined their epitopes in the conserved regions of spike protein, and found that these epitopes may be valuable candidates for booster antigens to enhance adaptive immunity against the virus.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Antibodies specific to SARS- CoV-2 proteins N, S and E in COVID-19 patients in the normal population and in historical samples

Aleksander Szymczak et al.

Summary: This study comprehensively analyzed antibody responses to different types of samples against various proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and found that N-specific IgG and IgA are the most reliable diagnostic targets for infection, but the protective potential of antibodies may be underestimated by IgG testing.

JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Feasibility of using monocyte-derived dendritic cells obtained from cryopreserved cells for DC-based vaccines

Lorena Usero et al.

Summary: The study found that cryopreservation of MDDCs does not affect their phenotype, cell viability, maturation marker expression, or cytokine secretion. Therefore, cryopreservation is a good method to preserve cells before immunotherapy.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS (2021)

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Review Oncology

Metabolic reprogramming in macrophage responses

Yang Liu et al.

Summary: Macrophages are key regulators of tissue homeostasis, involved in tissue development, repair, and defense against pathogens. TAMs play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment, impacting tumor initiation, growth, invasion, and metastasis. The metabolic characteristics of macrophages influence their phenotype and function, with pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages relying on glycolysis and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages more dependent on mitochondrial OXPHOS.

BIOMARKER RESEARCH (2021)

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Correction Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Syncytia formation by SARS-CoV-2-infected cells (vol 39, e106267, 2020)

Julian Buchrieser et al.

EMBO JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Epithelial response to IFN-γ promotes SARS-CoV-2 infection

Julian Heuberger et al.

Summary: The study suggests that elevated IFN-gamma in COVID-19 can promote differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells into mature enterocytes expressing high levels of ACE2, increasing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway in COVID-19-Dependent Musculoskeletal Pathology: A Minireview

Sagar Vyavahare et al.

MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

CCR5 inhibition in critical COVID-19 patients decreases in fl ammatory cytokines, increases CD8 T-cells, and decreases SARS-CoV2 RNA in plasma by day 14

Bruce K. Patterson et al.

Summary: This study investigated the impact of CCR5 blockade via the CCR5-specific antibody leronlimab on severe COVID-19 patients, showing improvements in clinical symptoms, immune response, and reduction in plasma viral load. The results suggest CCR5 as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19, laying the foundation for ongoing randomized clinical trials.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Increased in vitro neutralizing activity of SARS-CoV-2 IgA1 dimers compared to monomers and IgG

Lin Sun et al.

Summary: In this study, two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were expressed in glycoengineered Nicotiana benthamiana plants in three formats. The IgA1 dimers showed a significantly higher neutralization potency than monomers, indicating the positive impact of IgA structural features and multivalency on neutralization potency. Additionally, the study highlighted the versatile use of plants for rapid expression of complex human proteins.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Highly active engineered IgG3 antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

Somanath Kallolimath et al.

Summary: Monoclonal antibodies that neutralize SARSCoV-2 have been developed rapidly, but the diverse functions of different antibody subclasses in SARS-CoV-2 immunity are not well understood. Study shows that all IgG subclasses can neutralize the virus, with IgG3 exhibiting the highest potency, suggesting a strong protective effect.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Th2 cells and macrophages cooperatively induce allergic inflammation through histamine signaling

Naruhito Iwasaki et al.

Summary: Recent studies have revealed that macrophages can also produce histamine and interact with Th2 helper cells through various factors, collectively participating in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation. In vivo experiments showed that macrophages and Th2 cells cooperatively induced rhinitis in mice.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Surfactant protein A reduces TLR4 and inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels in neonatal mouse ileum

Lidan Liu et al.

Summary: The study reveals that SP-A plays an important role in the intestinal health of neonatal mice by modulating TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in intestinal epithelium. SP-A(-/-) mice are more susceptible to intestinal stress resembling NEC, while gavage with SP-A significantly decreases ileal damage, TLR4, and proinflammatory cytokine mRNA levels.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Major role of IgM in the neutralizing activity of convalescent plasma against SARS-CoV-2

Romain Gasser et al.

Summary: Depletion of immunoglobulin M is associated with the most substantial loss of virus neutralization, followed by immunoglobulin G. This finding may have implications for designing more effective antibody-based COVID-19 therapies and explaining the increased susceptibility of autoimmune patients receiving therapies that inhibit the production of immunoglobulin M (IgM).

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Virology

Imbalanced Immune Response of T-Cell and B-Cell Subsets in Patients with Moderate and Severe COVID-19

Alexey Golovkin et al.

Summary: In patients with severe COVID-19, CD4+ Th cells exhibit abnormalities, particularly a decrease in Th17 cells. Compared to healthy donors, circulating Tfh and Th17-like cells are reduced in severe cases. Additionally, there are significant alterations in B-cell subsets in the blood of severe patients.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Article Immunology

Deep Phenotyping of CD11c+ B Cells in Systemic Autoimmunity and Controls

Hector Rincon-Arevalo et al.

Summary: Circulating CD11c(+) B cells are increased in the blood of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, mainly within memory subsets and enriched in distinct activation and checkpoint markers. Notably, SLE CD11c(+) B cells exhibit enhanced expression of checkpoint molecules compared to healthy donors, possibly indicating abnormalities in immune regulation.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Interleukin-6 Is a Biomarker for the Development of Fatal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pneumonia

Andre Santa Cruz et al.

Summary: Hyper-inflammatory responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 are major factors in disease severity and death, with IL-6 levels showing a significant correlation with disease stages and outcomes in COVID-19 patients, particularly in relation to respiratory failure. IL-6 also outperforms CRP as a predictive marker for disease progression.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

The Characterization of Disease Severity Associated IgG Subclasses Response in COVID-19 Patients

Huanle Luo et al.

Summary: Increasing evidence suggests immune responses are associated with COVID-19 outcomes. IgG subclasses and cytokines had significant correlations with disease severity. Older patients and those with comorbidities showed higher antibody levels and affected IgG1 and IgG3 responses.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Respiratory System

The role of mucin 1 in respiratory diseases

Beatriz Ballester et al.

Summary: MUC1 is a transmembrane protein involved in pathological processes in the lung, serving as a decoy barrier for mucosal pathogens. Bioactivated MUC1-CT acts as an anti-inflammatory molecule in lung diseases and interacts with effectors linked to cellular transformation, contributing to disease progression.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by Sars-CoV-2 Envelope protein

Mustafa Yalcinkaya et al.

Summary: Although some drugs and vaccines targeting COVID-19 have shown initial success, understanding the underlying disease pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for further treatment development. Research indicates that the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein may initially suppress the host NLRP3 inflammasome response to viral RNA, but potentially increase inflammasome responses in later stages of infection. Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 E protein, especially in early infection stages, could be a novel approach to COVID-19 therapy.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Phosphatidylserine receptors enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection

Dana Bohan et al.

Summary: PS receptors, particularly AXL, facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection when ACE2 is present, suggesting that AXL may be an important host factor for virus entry. Inhibition of AXL activity shows therapeutic potential against SARS-CoV-2.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2021)

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Review Microbiology

The Roles of Gasdermin D in Coronavirus Infection and Evasion

Xiang Liu et al.

Summary: GSDMD is a key protein in pyroptosis, but its pore-forming activity in virus infections remains unclear. Current research mainly focuses on its roles in bacterial infections and cancer.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Syncytia formation during SARS-CoV-2 lung infection: a disastrous unity to eliminate lymphocytes

Liangyu Lin et al.

CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION (2021)

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Letter Cell Biology

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interacts with and activates TLR41

Yingchi Zhao et al.

CELL RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Immunology

Double-negative (DN) B cells: an under-recognized effector memory B cell subset in autoimmunity

Yuzi Li et al.

Summary: DN B cells, a neglected memory B cell subset, have been shown to play important roles in various diseases, especially autoimmune diseases, based on recent studies.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Differential levels of IFNα subtypes in autoimmunity and viral infection

Vincent Bondet et al.

Summary: The study developed a highly sensitive digital ELISA for IFN alpha 2 subtype and identified different IFN alpha protein responses in viral infection and autoimmune patients. A small subset of autoimmune patients showed high IFN alpha 2 protein measurements but low pan-IFN alpha measurements, which were partly explained by the presence of anti-IFN alpha auto-antibodies. The study highlights the importance of ultrasensitive assays and multiple phenotypic readouts in translational and clinical studies.

CYTOKINE (2021)

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Letter Immunology

Enrichment of CCR6+CD8+ T cells and CCL20 in the lungs of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19

Anno Saris et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Evidence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Memory B Cells Six Months After Vaccination With the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine

Annalisa Ciabattini et al.

Summary: The study found that spike-specific antibodies and memory B cells still persisted up to 6 months after BNT162b2 vaccine administration, indicating a lasting immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 virus.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Understanding LAG-3 Signaling

Luisa Chocarro et al.

Summary: LAG-3 is a cell surface inhibitory receptor that regulates immunity and is considered a potential target for enhancing anti-cancer immune responses. Its mechanisms of action and relationship with other immune checkpoint molecules are still poorly understood.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

TREM-2 is a sensor and activator of T cell response in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Yongjian Wu et al.

Summary: Limited understanding of T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 has hindered vaccine development and drug discovery for COVID-19. This study reveals an previously unknown role for TREM-2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting potential strategies for drug discovery and clinical management of COVID-19.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Virology

SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: IgA correlates with severity of disease in early COVID-19 infection

Fainareti N. Zervou et al.

Summary: The timing of antibody detection after viral infection varies, with IgA being the predominant immunoglobulin in early disease and IgG remaining detectable up to two months after infection.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Impaired Dendritic Cell Homing in COVID-19

Lukas Borcherding et al.

Summary: Studies have shown that in COVID-19 patients, professional antigen-presenting cells increase in number in the later stages of the disease, but fail to mature, resulting in the inability to activate T cells, affecting the immune response.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

WHO International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin

Paul A. Kristiansen et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 axis

Parisa Shiri Aghbash et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan in December 2019, highlights the significance of respiratory disorders, lymphopenia, cytokine cascades, and immune responses in disease severity. Investigation of inhibitory immune checkpoints could impact treatment strategies, with T-cells playing a key role in clearing viral infections and reducing symptoms. Lymphocyte depletion and enhanced expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints in individuals with COVID-19 contribute to T-cell dysfunction and exhaustion, particularly in severe cases.

LIFE SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A molecular single-cell lung atlas of lethal COVID-19

Johannes C. Melms et al.

Summary: Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of lung tissues from individuals who died of COVID-19 revealed a highly inflamed lung environment with impaired T cell responses and failed transition of alveolar type 2 cells. Additionally, expansion of pathological fibroblasts contributing to rapidly ensuing pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 was identified as a unique feature compared to other causes of pneumonia.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Drugs that inhibit TMEM16 proteins block SARS-CoV-2 spike-induced syncytia

Luca Braga et al.

Summary: COVID-19 patients' lungs contain infected pneumocytes with abnormal morphology and frequent multinucleation, leading to the formation of syncytia driven by the activation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The antihelminthic drug niclosamide has shown to effectively inhibit cell fusion, potentially providing a new therapeutic approach for COVID-19 disease pathogenesis.

NATURE (2021)

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Editorial Material Cell Biology

Monocyte and dendritic cell defects in COVID-19

Andreas Wack

Summary: A new study compares severe and moderate cases of COVID-19 and finds a link between defects in viral sensing, interferon and antigen presentation pathways, as well as upregulated apoptosis and inflammatory pathways, to high COVID-19 severity.

NATURE CELL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Single-cell multi-omics analysis of the immune response in COVID-19

Emily Stephenson et al.

Summary: Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of blood samples from individuals with COVID-19 reveals immune cell and hematopoietic progenitor cell alterations that are differentially associated with disease severity.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2: pathogenesis and host responses in the respiratory tract

Tim Flerlage et al.

Summary: This article discusses the pathogenesis of influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the human respiratory tract, the contribution of the host response to severe disease, epithelial repair mechanisms following infection, and current and potential future therapies for influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 E Protein: Sequence, Structure, Viroporin, and Inhibitors

Yipeng Cao et al.

Summary: Studying the SARS-CoV-2 E protein is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of the virus and plays a key role in disease treatment. While there are similarities between the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV E proteins, further specific research on the SARS-CoV-2 E protein is still needed.

PROTEIN SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Clonal analysis of immunodominance and cross-reactivity of the CD4 T cell response to SARS-CoV-2

Jun Siong Low et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates a robust CD4(+) T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleoprotein in COVID-19-recovered individuals, with a highly immunogenic receptor-binding domain (RBD). Through characterizing T cell clones, it was found that a region containing nested HLA-DR and HLA-DP-restricted epitopes is immunodominant. Cross-reactive T cells targeting multiple S protein sites were identified, which can guide vaccination strategies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

COVID-19: Famotidine, Histamine, Mast Cells, and Mechanisms

Robert W. Malone et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary but not sufficient for COVID-19 development, and currently there are no approved prophylactic measures for COVID-19. Clinical data suggests that famotidine may help mitigate COVID-19 symptoms, but the mechanism of action remains unclear. New multi-drug treatment strategies for COVID-19 based on repurposing existing drugs are being developed and tested worldwide.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Review Immunology

Neutrophils in COVID-19

Nico Reusch et al.

Summary: Research has found that the immune deviation of neutrophils in COVID-19 patients and promising therapeutic attempts to target them are crucial for understanding and treating the disease.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analyses Define Distinct Peripheral B Cell Subsets and Discrete Development Pathways

Alexander Stewart et al.

Summary: The separation of B cells into different subsets has provided insights into their diverse functions in immune responses. Advances in single-cell techniques have enabled a deeper understanding of B cell characteristics and functions, though challenges remain. This study offers a reference single-cell dataset for better classification of functional B cell subsets in peripheral blood, highlighting the complexity and diversity of B cell populations.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Immunology

The Role of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Anna Kosyreva et al.

Summary: Macrophages play a crucial role in COVID-19, especially in cases complicated by ARDS. Macrophage activation syndrome is predominantly caused by massive activation of macrophages. Reprogrammed macrophages with stable pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes may have potential utility in the treatment of ARDS.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

The influence of HLA genotype on the severity of COVID-19 infection

David J. Langton et al.

Summary: The impact of COVID-19 varies significantly among individuals and populations. This study found that differences in HLA genes may influence the clinical outcome of COVID-19 infection. Specifically, the presence of specific HLA genes, such as DRB1*04:01, was associated with the severity of COVID-19 symptoms.

HLA (2021)

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Review Oncology

The Flt3L/Flt3 Axis in Dendritic Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy

Francisco J. Cueto et al.

Summary: Current cancer immunotherapy efforts focus on enhancing T cell effector function, but stimulating dendritic cells (DCs) may improve treatment outcomes. Specifically, utilizing the Flt3/Flt3L axis to boost DC function shows promising potential for cancer immunotherapy.

CANCERS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Distinct uptake, amplification, and release of SARS-CoV-2 by M1 and M2 alveolar macrophages

Jiadi Lv et al.

Summary: M1 alveolar macrophages facilitate the spread and replication of SARS-CoV-2, while M2 alveolar macrophages help degrade the virus to combat infection.

CELL DISCOVERY (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Antibody and B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination

Katharina Roltgen et al.

Summary: Human immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 have made significant progress in understanding the nature of antibody responses and their role in protecting against infection or modulating the severity of COVID-19, aiding in the development of effective vaccines. However, important questions remain unanswered regarding the duration and effectiveness of antibody responses, immunity differences between infection and vaccination, cellular basis for serological findings, and the potential impact of viral variants on current immunity.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2021)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Mucins produced by type II pneumocyte: culprits in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis

Bo Huang

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Dendritic cell deficiencies persist seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Alberto Perez-Gomez et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection causes abnormal immune response, affecting the quantity and function of dendritic cells, with some markers remaining altered during acute phase and follow-up.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Different T cell related immunological profiles in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls

Armin Mahmoud Salehi Khesht et al.

Summary: In severe cases of COVID-19, there is a significant increase in Th1 and Th17 cells, along with a decrease in Th2 and Treg cells. This is accompanied by a sharp increase in IL-17 and IFN-gamma secretion and a decrease in IL-10 and IL-4 secretion. Additionally, the inhibitory activity of Treg cells is reduced in severe patients.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Severe COVID-19 Patients Show an Increase in Soluble TNFR1 and ADAM17, with a Relationship to Mortality

Yadira Palacios et al.

Summary: The study showed that solTNFR1 and solTNFR2 levels were elevated in COVID-19 patients without increasing transcriptional levels. SolTNFR1 was higher in severe cases and had a negative correlation with C-reactive protein, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target. SolADAM17 levels were also higher in severe conditions, with a potential association between TNFRSF1A:rs767455 polymorphism and disease severity.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment

Ava J. Boutilier et al.

Summary: The M1/M2 macrophage paradigm is crucial in tumor progression, where M1 macrophages have anti-tumor effects and M2 macrophages contribute to tumor development through various mechanisms. The tumor microenvironment plays a role in influencing macrophage polarization and activation, which is essential for understanding the pro-tumor effects of tumor-associated macrophages.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Role of P-Selectin in COVID-19 Coagulopathy: An Updated Review

Chiara Agrati et al.

Summary: Severe COVID-19 cases present with blood clots and neutrophil-platelet aggregates, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular complications and venous thrombotic events. The inflammatory storm may disrupt the interplay between platelets, endothelium, and leukocytes, contributing to COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. P-selectin is identified as a key molecule in this process and could potentially be used as a severity marker and therapeutic target for COVID-19 treatment.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 Impairs Dendritic Cells and Regulates DC-SIGN Gene Expression in Tissues

Guoshuai Cai et al.

Summary: The study found differential trends in the expression of DC-SIGN gene in the lungs and blood of COVID-19 patients, with an increase in immature DCs in severe cases, but an increase in pDCs in mild cases. In severe cases, although DCs stimulate innate immune responses, they fail to specifically present SARS-CoV-2.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Oncology

Lung Cancer Models Reveal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Contributes to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pathophysiology

C. Allison Stewart et al.

Summary: The study revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in infected cells, resulting in the loss of tight junction gene expression. This transition may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. AXL inhibition and ZEB1 reduction offer a potential strategy to reverse this process.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

COVID-19 and biomarkers of thrombosis: focus on von Willebrand factor and extracellular vesicles

Richard C. Becker et al.

Summary: COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has caused an unprecedented pandemic with significant acute phase consequences and potentially long-lasting effects on human health, quality of life, return to normalcy, and the global economy. Understanding the role of von Willebrand Factor and extracellular vesicles may provide insights into the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, duration of illness, diagnostic approach, and management of COVID-19 and its sequelae.

JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

An updated review on the role of the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis in the progression and metastasis of breast cancer

Amaresh Mishra et al.

Summary: The CXCL8-CXCR1/2 signaling axis plays a crucial role in breast cancer by controlling inflammation and tumor growth, offering a promising approach for targeted therapeutics. Recent preclinical trials suggest that combined treatment may be more effective in managing the disease.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates immune evasion through down-regulating MHC-I

Yiwen Zhang et al.

Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, significantly differs from SARS in its clinical and pathological characteristics. The viral protein ORF8 of SARS-CoV-2 interacts with MHC-I molecules, leading to their down-regulation and impairment of antigen presentation system, proposing ORF8 inhibition as a potential strategy for improving immune surveillance.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cross-reactive CD4+ T cells enhance SARS-CoV-2 immune responses upon infection and vaccination

Lucie Loyal et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that preexisting spike-cross-reactive T cells play a functional role in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Cross-reactive immunity may explain the rapid induction of immunity after primary SARS-CoV-2 immunization and the high rate of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 cases.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Letter Immunology

Letter to the Editor: CD14+HLA-DR+ Cells in Patients May Be a Biomarker Reflecting the Progression of COVID-19

Mengyuan Yang et al.

VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Allergy

X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia and COVID-19: Two Case Reports and Review of Literature

Fiji Madona Devassikutty et al.

Summary: Successful outcomes of patients with XLA and COVID-19, except for delayed recovery, have been observed in this study and in global reports, sparking interest in studying the role of B cell depletion. Further research and clinical experience are needed to fully understand the reasons behind these observations.

PEDIATRIC ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Immunological Profiling of COVID-19 Patients with Pulmonary Sequelae

Jianghua Wu et al.

Summary: This study reveals an imbalance in immune features in COVID-19 patients with pulmonary sequelae, characterized by robust activation of T cells, NK cells, and gamma delta T cells, and deficiencies of immunosuppressive cells. Specific immune cells such as CD57(+) NK cells, CD4(+)Perforin(+) T cells, and CD8(+) CD27(+) CD62L(+) T cells were identified as independent predictors for residual lesions.

MBIO (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Monocyte-driven atypical cytokine storm and aberrant neutrophil activation as key mediators of COVID-19 disease severity

L. Vanderbeke et al.

Summary: Research indicates that COVID-19 severity is driven by a hyperinflammatory response rather than direct viral damage, with classical monocytes playing a key role in driving the hypercytokinemia. Disease severity correlates with a reduction in T-lymphocytes, particularly affecting CD8+ cells, and neutrophils contribute to tissue damage through amplification of cytokine levels. The findings suggest a myeloid-driven immunopathology in COVID-19.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Assessment of avidity related to IgG subclasses in SARS-CoV-2 Brazilian infected patients

Andrew D. Moura et al.

Summary: This study assessed antibody levels, avidity, and subclasses of IgG against RBD protein in symptomatic COVID-19 patients in Brazil. Results showed that severe COVID-19 patients had higher antibody levels, most patients had low antibody avidity, and some life-threatening patients showed increased IgG4 levels in the first week of symptoms onset. The findings highlight the importance of IgG antibody avidity and IgG4 detection as a potential tool in monitoring hospitalized patients with severe disease.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Current status of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

Sanjeev Kumar et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Characterization of low-density granulocytes in COVID-19

Luz E. Cabrera et al.

Summary: This study identifies a population of low-density granulocytes (LDGs) in COVID-19 patients, which exhibit immature phenotypes and immunosuppressive characteristics, possibly contributing to disease progression. These findings suggest that LDG may play a role in severe COVID-19 characterized by extensive pulmonary complications.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2021)

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Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 Infects Endothelial Cells In Vivo and In Vitro

Fengming Liu et al.

Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2 may directly infect mature vascular endothelial cells in vivo and ex vivo, potentially contributing to cardiovascular complications in SARS-CoV-2 infection, including multiple organ failure.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Primary Immune Responses and Affinity Maturation Are Controlled by IgD

Timm Amendt et al.

Summary: IgD-deficient mice have an accelerated rate of B cell responsiveness and can activate antibody production within 24 hours after immunization, while wildtype mice require 3 days to activate antibody responses. IgD-deficient mice are unable to modulate antibody production, suggesting that IgD controls the activation rate of B cells and subsequent antibody production by sensing and distinguishing antigen valences.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Transcriptional Changes in CD16+Monocytes May Contribute to the Pathogenesis of COVID-19

Vanessa Chilunda et al.

Summary: The transcriptional changes in CD16+ monocytes from COVID-19 patients compared to healthy individuals indicate increased cell activation and induction of migratory phenotype, suggesting a dysregulated host response. Severe cases of COVID-19 show dysregulated expression of mitochondrial and antigen presentation genes, along with upregulated inflammatory, cell movement, and apoptotic gene signatures, which may contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of the disease.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Persistent High Percentage of HLA-DR+CD38high CD8+ T Cells Associated With Immune Disorder and Disease Severity of COVID-19

Juan Du et al.

Summary: The study revealed that HLA-DR(+)CD38(hi) CD8(+) T cells were persistently accumulated in severe COVID-19 patients, showing overactivation and dysregulation, and were associated with systemic inflammation, tissue injury, and immune disorders.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Are Not the Major Source of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Upon SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Marc A. Niles et al.

Summary: Research indicates that mDC and macrophages are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but do not produce the virus and show minimal changes in activation status upon infection. Infected innate immune cells do not produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting they are unlikely to be the source of the initial wave of cytokines post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

BCG Vaccine Derived Peptides Induce SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Cross-Reactivity

Peter J. Eggenhuizen et al.

Summary: The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine can enhance T cell response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, providing a potential mechanism for the observed protective effects against COVID-19.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Genetic Screening for TLR7 Variants in Young and Previously Healthy Men With Severe COVID-19

Xavier Solanich et al.

Summary: The study found loss-of-function TLR7 variants in young men with severe COVID-19, which may result in weakened interferon responses to the virus. Additionally, siblings of two patients carrying the variants also showed different degrees of disease symptoms, indicating a potential genetic predisposition.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Immunology

Monocytes and Macrophages in COVID-19

Rainer Knoll et al.

Summary: COVID-19 is a contagious viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, characterized primarily by respiratory symptoms of varying severity. Macrophages play crucial roles in host defense, and understanding their phenotypes is essential for unraveling the disease's pathological mechanisms.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Identification of resident memory CD8+ T cells with functional specificity for SARS-CoV-2 in unexposed oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue

Julia Niessl et al.

Summary: The study found that in individuals who had not been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, the frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD4(+) T cells were similar in tonsils and peripheral blood, but functional SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD8(+) T cells were mostly found in tonsils. This suggests that preexisting tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells in unexposed individuals could potentially mount rapid immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

CD8+PD-L1+CXCR3+ polyfunctional T cell abundances are associated with survival in critical SARS-CoV-2-infected patients

Lucille Adam et al.

Summary: This study identified specific T cell populations associated with survival or death in COVID-19 patients in intensive care, providing potential targets for T cell-based vaccine development and disease outcome prediction.

JCI INSIGHT (2021)

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Article Microbiology

TLR3 and TLR7 RNA Sensor Activation during SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Daria Bortolotti et al.

Summary: (3) Our study demonstrated that both TLR3 and TLR7 play a role in regulating innate immunity during lung SARS-CoV-2 infection. Activation of TLRs led to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons, indicating their potential as targets for early-stage infection control.

MICROORGANISMS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Elevated Serum Levels of Progranulin and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Patients with COVID-19

Shifei Yao et al.

Summary: Elevated serum PGRN and sVCAM-1 levels were found in patients with COVID-19, potentially providing insights into the pathogenesis of COVID-19. After successful treatment, serum PGRN and sVCAM-1 levels in COVID-19 patients significantly decreased.

JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

CD177, a specific marker of neutrophil activation, is associated with coronavirus disease 2019 severity and death

Yves Levy et al.

Summary: A study identified abnormalities in neutrophil activation in severe COVID-19 patients, with CD177 serving as a reliable prognostic marker to distinguish between patients with the worst prognosis leading to death and those who recovered.

ISCIENCE (2021)

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Article Biology

Neutrophil azurophilic granule glycoproteins are distinctively decorated by atypical pauci- and phosphomannose glycans

Karli R. Reiding et al.

Summary: The research showed that neutrophil proteins carry different glycan forms depending on their origin, which may be related to their functions. Some glycoproteins are decorated with atypical small glycans and phosphomannosylated glycans, shedding light on autoimmune diseases and treatment strategies.

COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Respiratory System

Predictors of mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia - a retrospective study

M. Mahendra et al.

Summary: This study investigated mortality predictors in severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients admitted to ICU in India. Factors such as SpO(2)/FiO(2) ratio, age, duration of symptoms, serum ferritin levels, respiratory rate, comorbidities, and the use of remdesivir were found to be associated with increased mortality. Early consideration of remdesivir may help prevent excess mortality related to COVID-19.

ADVANCES IN RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Markers of endothelial and epithelial pulmonary injury in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ICU patients

Savino Spadaro et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the plasma concentration of specific biomarkers in survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19-related ARDS, as well as in COVID-19-related and classical ARDS patients. Results showed that COVID-19 ARDS is characterized by early pulmonary endothelial injury, with differences in expression of biomarkers between COVID-19 ARDS and classical ARDS suggesting different pathological pathways.

CRITICAL CARE (2021)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Phosphatidylserine is an overlooked mediator of COVID-19 thromboinflammation

Stuart E. Lind

Summary: Phosphatidylserine (PS), a common component of cell membranes, may have a significant but unrecognized role in the thromboinflammation of COVID-19 and other critical illnesses. The presence and activity of PS could potentially contribute to inflammation and coagulation processes outside of cell membranes.

HELIYON (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

CXCL12-mediated monocyte transmigration into brain perivascular space leads to neuroinflammation and memory deficit in neuropathic pain

Chun-Lin Mai et al.

Summary: The study reveals that in cognitive impairment caused by neuroinflammation, the recruitment of monocytes into the perivascular space mediated by CXCL12 plays a critical role, and blocking this process can alleviate memory decline caused by neuropathic pain.

THERANOSTICS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Proinflammatory IgG Fc structures in patients with severe COVID-19

Saborni Chakraborty et al.

Summary: COVID-19 is often characterized by a hyperinflammatory syndrome, and disease severity is associated with specific antibody structures that enhance inflammatory responses.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

High levels of soluble CD25 in COVID-19 severity suggest a divergence between anti-viral and pro-inflammatory T-cell responses

Min Xie et al.

Summary: The study aimed to understand the immune response in COVID-19 patients with T cells showing both functional defects and hyperactivation. Elevated levels of sCD25 were found in severe cases, indicating insufficient anti-viral immunity and expansion of pro-inflammatory T cells. The mouse model and clinical observation confirmed the association between high sCD25 levels and disease severity.

CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Endothelial cells are not productively infected by SARS-CoV-2

Lilian Schimmel et al.

Summary: The study suggests that primary human endothelial cells express low levels of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor and protease, limiting their susceptibility to infection unless overexpressing ACE2 or exposed to high viral concentrations. Endothelial cells are unlikely to be infected in 3D vessels under flow conditions but respond to infection in adjacent epithelial cells by increasing ICAM-1 expression and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines.

CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The role of CD4(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19: implications for treatment

Yifei Wang et al.

Summary: Tregs play a crucial role in COVID-19, influencing disease severity and immunopathology mechanisms. They may help regulate immune responses in the early stages and alleviate organ damage in the later stages.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Host Defense

Sabrina Sofia Burgener et al.

COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Rheumatology

CD4+Memory Stem T Cells Recognizing Citrullinated Epitopes Are Expanded in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Sensitive to Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockade

Beatrice C. Cianciotti et al.

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Comprehensive TCR repertoire analysis of CD4+ T-cell subsets in rheumatoid arthritis

Xu Jiang et al.

JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding

Roujian Lu et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Review Virology

When Dendritic Cells Go Viral: The Role of Siglec-1 in Host Defense and Dissemination of Enveloped Viruses

Daniel Perez-Zsolt et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Critical Role of Lipid Scramblase TMEM16F in Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Repair of Plasma Membrane after Pore Formation

Ning Wu et al.

CELL REPORTS (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19

Daniel Blanco-Melo et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals

Alba Grifoni et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Immunology

Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients With Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China

Chuan Qin et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The cytokine storm in COVID-19: An overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system

Francesca Coperchini et al.

CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS (2020)

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Review Immunology

Hacking the host: exploitation of macrophage polarization by intracellular bacterial pathogens

Joseph D. Thiriot et al.

PATHOGENS AND DISEASE (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

COVID-19 and immunomodulation in IBD

Markus F. Neurath

GUT (2020)

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Article Immunology

CD11c(+) B Cells Are Mainly Memory Cells, Precursors of Antibody Secreting Cells in Healthy Donors

Marie-Laure Golinski et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Allergy

A possible role for B cells in COVID-19? Lesson from patients with agammaglobulinemia

Isabella Quinti et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

The dynamics of humoral immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection and the potential for reinfection

Paul Kellam et al.

JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY (2020)

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Review Cell Biology

ICAM-1: A master regulator of cellular responses in inflammation, injury resolution, and tumorigenesis

Triet M. Bui et al.

JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

CXCR4 expression in the bone marrow microenvironment is required for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell maintenance and early hematopoietic regeneration after myeloablation

Pratibha Singh et al.

STEM CELLS (2020)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Role of γδT cells in liver diseases and its relationship with intestinal microbiota

Qi-Hui Zhou et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Review Virology

Innate Type 2 Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Allison E. Norlander et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2020)

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Review Immunology

Defensins: A Double-Edged Sword in Host Immunity

Dan Xu et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Immunology

The CD83 Molecule - An Important Immune Checkpoint

Linda Grosche et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Immunology

CXCR3 Ligands in Cancer and Autoimmunity, Chemoattraction of Effector T Cells, and Beyond

Nathan Karin

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Bo Diao et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19

Maximilian Ackermann et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Cell Biology

The Balance of TNF Mediated Pathways Regulates Inflammatory Cell Death Signaling in Healthy and Diseased Tissues

Joshua D. Webster et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Allergy

Two X-linked agammaglobulinemia patients develop pneumonia as COVID-19 manifestation but recover

Annarosa Soresina et al.

PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Antiviral activities of type I interferons to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Emily Mantlo et al.

ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease

Victor J. Costela-Ruiz et al.

CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Immunology

Differential IRF8 Transcription Factor Requirement Defines Two Pathways of Dendritic Cell Development in Humans

Urszula Cytlak et al.

IMMUNITY (2020)

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Review Immunology

Fc Gamma Receptors and Their Role in Antigen Uptake, Presentation, and T Cell Activation

Fabian Junker et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Identification of Novel Molecular Markers of Human Th17 Cells

Anna Salkowska et al.

CELLS (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Longitudinal COVID-19 profiling associates IL-1RA and IL-10 with disease severity and RANTES with mild disease

Yan Zhao et al.

JCI INSIGHT (2020)

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Article Pathology

In situ detection of SARS-CoV-2 in lungs and airways of patients with COVID-19

Inga-Marie Schaefer et al.

MODERN PATHOLOGY (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Robust T Cell Immunity in Convalescent Individuals with Asymptomatic or Mild COVID-19

Takuya Sekine et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Imbalance of Regulatory and Cytotoxic SARS-CoV-2-Reactive CD4+ T Cells in COVID-19

Benjamin J. Meckiff et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in healthy donors and patients with COVID-19

Julian Braun et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls

Nina Le Bert et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals

Davide F. Robbiani et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A perspective on potential antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV-2

Ann M. Arvin et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A single-cell atlas of the peripheral immune response in patients with severe COVID-19

Aaron J. Wilk et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications

Divij Mathew et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans

Jose Mateus et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structural basis for chemokine receptor CCR6 activation by the endogenous protein ligand CCL20

David Jonathan Wasilko et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Alexandre J. Vivanti et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Review Immunology

Immune recognition of phosphoantigen-butyrophilin molecular complexes by γδ T cells

Adam P. Uldrich et al.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Immunology

Extrafollicular B cell responses correlate with neutralizing antibodies and morbidity in COVID-19

Matthew C. Woodruff et al.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19

Paul Bastard et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Microbiology

S Protein-Reactive IgG and Memory B Cell Production after Human SARS-CoV-2 Infection Includes Broad Reactivity to the S2 Subunit

Phuong Nguyen-Contant et al.

MBIO (2020)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19: Do many people have pre-existing immunity?

Peter Doshi

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Immunology

Increased Serum Levels of sCD14 and sCD163 Indicate a Preponderant Role for Monocytes in COVID-19 Immunopathology

Jose Gomez-Rial et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Is Cross-Reactive Immunity Triggering COVID-19 Immunopathogenesis?

Alberto Beretta et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Immunology

The Neutrophil: Constant Defender and First Responder

Noah Fine et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Hyperinflammation and Fibrosis in Severe COVID-19 Patients: Galectin-3, a Target Molecule to Consider

Juan Garcia-Revilla et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Oncology

LAG-3: from molecular functions to clinical applications

Takumi Maruhashi et al.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2020)

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Article Immunology

Natural killer cell immunotypes related to COVID-19 disease severity

Christopher Maucourant et al.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Frequencies of CD33+CD11b+HLA-DR-CD14-CD66b+and CD33+CD11b+HLA-DR-CD14+CD66b-Cells in Peripheral Blood as Severity Immune Biomarkers in COVID-19

Ricardo Wesley Alberca et al.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The emergence of COVID-19 as a global pandemic: Understanding the epidemiology, immune response and potential therapeutic targets of SARS-CoV-2

Shibi Muralidar et al.

BIOCHIMIE (2020)

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Article Immunology

Low-Avidity CD4+ T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Unexposed Individuals and Humans with Severe COVID-19

Petra Bacher et al.

IMMUNITY (2020)

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Review Immunology

Germinal Center and Extrafollicular B Cell Responses in Vaccination, Immunity, and Autoimmunity

Rebecca A. Elsner et al.

IMMUNITY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces mixed M1/M2 phenotype in circulating monocytes and alterations in both dendritic cell and monocyte subsets

Sanja Matic et al.

PLOS ONE (2020)

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Article Immunology

B Cell Subsets as Severity-Associated Signatures in COVID-19 Patients

Victor A. Sosa-Hernandez et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

IgA2 Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Correlate with NET Formation and Fatal Outcome in Severely Diseased COVID-19 Patients

Leonie A. N. Staats et al.

CELLS (2020)

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Article Immunology

IgG Subclasses Shape Cytokine Responses by Human Myeloid Immune Cells through Differential Metabolic Reprogramming

Willianne Hoepel et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Respiratory System

CXCR4+cells are increased in lung tissue of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Jade Jaffar et al.

RESPIRATORY RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Homeostatic Cytokines Drive Epigenetic Reprogramming of Activated T Cells into a Naive-Memory'' Phenotype

Guido Frumento et al.

ISCIENCE (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The proportion of peripheral blood Tregs among the CD4+T cells of autoimmune thyroid disease patients: a meta-analysis

Ziyi Chen et al.

ENDOCRINE JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Immunology

Survivors of Ebola Virus Disease Develop Polyfunctional Antibody Responses

Bronwyn M. Gunn et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Review Immunology

The gasdermins, a protein family executing cell death and inflammation

Petr Broz et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Profiling serum cytokines in COVID-19 patients reveals IL-6 and IL-10 are disease severity predictors

Huan Han et al.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2020)

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Review Immunology

B cell MHC class II signaling: A story of life and death

Divya Sai Katikaneni et al.

HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Review Urology & Nephrology

Glycosylation in health and disease

Colin Reily et al.

NATURE REVIEWS NEPHROLOGY (2019)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated decline in angiogenic capacity of endothelial progenitor cells is associated with capillary rarefaction in patients with hypertension via downregulation of CXCR4/JAK2/SIRT5 signaling

Bing-Bo Yu et al.

EBIOMEDICINE (2019)

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Article Rheumatology

T cell receptor β repertoires as novel diagnostic markers for systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis

Xiao Liu et al.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2019)

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Article Immunology

Nonclassical Monocytes in Health and Disease

Prakash Babu Narasimhan et al.

Annual Review of Immunology (2019)

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Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Integrins and Their Role in Immune Cell Adhesion

Michael L. Dustin

CELL (2019)

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Article Oncology

CXCR5+CD8+ T cells are a distinct functional subset with an antitumor activity

Fuliang Chu et al.

LEUKEMIA (2019)

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Review Immunology

Caspase-8-dependent control of NK- and T cell responses during cytomegalovirus infection

Yanjun Feng et al.

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

CD89 Is a Potent Innate Receptor for Bacteria and Mediates Host Protection from Sepsis

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CELL REPORTS (2019)

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Article Oncology

Validation of CyTOF Against Flow Cytometry for Immunological Studies and Monitoring of Human Cancer Clinical Trials

Ramy Gadalla et al.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2019)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

IFN-I response timing relative to virus replication determines MERS coronavirus infection outcomes

Rudragouda Channappanavar et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2019)

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Article Immunology

NK cells switch from granzyme B to death receptor-mediated cytotoxicity during serial killing

Isabel Prager et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2019)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Metabolic programming of macrophage functions and pathogens control

Sue-jie Koo et al.

REDOX BIOLOGY (2019)

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Review Cell Biology

TNFR1 and TNFR2 in the Control of the Life and Death Balance of Macrophages

Harald Wajant et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Immunology

Single-Cell Analysis of Human Mononuclear Phagocytes Reveals Subset-Defining Markers and Identifies Circulating Inflammatory Dendritic Cells

Charles-Antoine Dutertre et al.

IMMUNITY (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

CD5 on dendritic cells regulates CD4+and CD8+T cell activation and induction of immune responses

Hui Li et al.

PLOS ONE (2019)

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Review Immunology

IL-10 producing regulatory and helper T-cells in systemic lupus erythematosus

J. Geginat et al.

SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Immunology

CD Maps-Dynamic Profiling of CD1-CD100 Surface Expression on Human Leukocyte and Lymphocyte Subsets

Tomas Kalina et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Immunology

CD62L Is a Functional and Phenotypic Marker for Circulating Innate Lymphoid Cell Precursors

Yotam E. Bar-Ephraim et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Review Immunology

The Multifaceted B Cell Response to Influenza Virus

Jonathan H. Lam et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Review Cell Biology

Platelet TLR4 at the crossroads of thrombosis and the innate immune response

Mirta Schattner

JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY (2019)

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Review Hematology

Derangement of the endothelial glycocalyx in sepsis

T. Iba et al.

JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2019)

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Review Oncology

Targeting cancers through TCR-peptide/MHC interactions

Qinghua He et al.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2019)

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Cross-talk between iNKT cells and CD8 T cells in the spleen requires the IL-4/CCL17 axis for the generation of short-lived effector cells

M. Valente et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Properties of immature and mature dendritic cells: phenotype, morphology, phagocytosis, and migration

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RSC ADVANCES (2019)

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Review Immunology

Type III IFNs: Beyond antiviral protection

Kotenko Sergei et al.

SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Hematology

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells respond to Epstein-Barr virus infection with a distinct type I interferon subtype profile

Cornelia Gujer et al.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2019)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Discovery of specialized NK cell populations infiltrating human melanoma metastases

Lucas Ferrari de Andrade et al.

JCI INSIGHT (2019)

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Review Immunology

Role of Type I Interferon (IFN) in the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Immune Response and Disease Severity

Diego R. Hijano et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Immunology

Human gamma delta T-cell receptor repertoire is shaped by influenza viruses, age and tissue compartmentalisation

Sneha Sant et al.

CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Review Immunology

Overview of the IL-1 family in innate inflammation and acquired immunity

Charles A. Dinarello

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2018)

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HLA-DR+ NK cells are mostly characterized by less mature phenotype and high functional activity

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IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY (2018)

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Review Oncology

CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11/CXCR3 axis for immune activation - A target for novel cancer therapy

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CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

NK Cells Stimulate Recruitment of cDC1 into the Tumor Microenvironment Promoting Cancer Immune Control

Jan P. Boettcher et al.

CELL (2018)

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Role of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies

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CYTOKINE (2018)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

CXCR4, the master regulator of neutrophil trafficking in homeostasis and disease

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2018)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Distinct alterations of CD68+ CD163+ M2-like macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in newly diagnosed primary immune thrombocytopenia with or without CR after high-dose dexamethasone treatment

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JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2018)

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Role of PD-1 during effector CD8 T cell differentiation

Eunseon Ahn et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2018)

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Neutrophil: A Cell with Many Roles in Inflammation or Several Cell Types?

Carlos Rosales

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2018)

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Impaired CD27(+)IgD(+) B Cells With Altered Gene Signature in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Fanlei Hu et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Macrophage mannose receptor, CD206, predict prognosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018)

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Review Immunology

Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Inflammatory Diseases

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IMMUNE NETWORK (2018)

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Distinct Effector B Cells Induced by Unregulated Toll-like Receptor 7 Contribute to Pathogenic Responses in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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IMMUNITY (2018)

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Editorial Material Rheumatology

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS Double-negative B cells

Nicholas J. Bernard

NATURE REVIEWS RHEUMATOLOGY (2018)

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Human alveolar macrophages predominately express combined classical M1 and M2 surface markers in steady state

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RESPIRATORY RESEARCH (2018)

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Review Immunology

Single-cell RNA sequencing to explore immune cell heterogeneity

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NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Immunological pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

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INTESTINAL RESEARCH (2018)

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CD68/macrosialin: not just a histochemical marker

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Transcriptome analysis of IL-10-stimulated (M2c) macrophages by next-generation sequencing

Emily B. Lurier et al.

IMMUNOBIOLOGY (2017)

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Article Immunology

Self-reactive VH4-34-expressing IgG B cells recognize commensal bacteria

Jean-Nicolas Schickel et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2017)

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Article Immunology

Human Blood CD1c+ Dendritic Cells Encompass CD5high and CD5low Subsets That Differ Significantly in Phenotype, Gene Expression, and Functions

Xiangyun Yin et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

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Prevalence and correlation of cytokine-specific autoantibodies with epidemiological factors and C-reactive protein in 8,972 healthy individuals: Results from the Danish Blood Donor Study

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PLOS ONE (2017)

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Transcription factor Etv5 is essential for the maintenance of alveolar type II cells

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

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Phosphoantigen-induced conformational change of butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3A1) and its implication on Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

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Single-cell RNA-seq reveals new types of human blood dendritic cells, monocytes, and progenitors

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SCIENCE (2017)

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CCR6 Deficiency Impairs IgA Production and Dysregulates Antimicrobial Peptide Production, Altering the Intestinal Flora

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FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

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Review Immunology

The Role of Dendritic Cell Maturation in the induction of insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

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FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

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The MHC class II antigen presentation pathway in human monocytes differs by subset and is regulated by cytokines

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PLOS ONE (2017)

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Neuroanatomy of the spleen: Mapping the relationship between sympathetic neurons and lymphocytes

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PLOS ONE (2017)

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Migratory CD11b+ conventional dendritic cells induce T follicular helper cell-dependent antibody responses

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SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

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T-bet+ CD11c+ B cells are critical for antichromatin immunoglobulin G production in the development of lupus

Ya Liu et al.

ARTHRITIS RESEARCH & THERAPY (2017)

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Review Immunology

CD69: from activation marker to metabolic gatekeeper

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

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CD11b immunophenotyping identifies inflammatory profiles in the mouse and human lungs

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MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY (2016)

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Review Immunology

Follicular Helper T Cells

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ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 34 (2016)

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TLR2 and TLR4 co-activation utilizes distinct signaling pathways for the production of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in neonatal immune cells

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CYTOKINE (2016)

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T regulatory cell chemokine production mediates pathogenic T cell attraction and suppression

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2016)

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Role of regulatory T cell in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

Akiko Yamada et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2016)

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Review Immunology

Fc gamma receptors: glycobiology and therapeutic prospects

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JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH (2016)

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Metabolic reprogramming in macrophages and dendritic cells in innate immunity

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CELL RESEARCH (2015)

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Regulatory B Cells: Origin, Phenotype, and Function

Elizabeth C. Rosser et al.

IMMUNITY (2015)

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The 3 major types of innate and adaptive cell-mediated effector immunity

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JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Article Immunology

Differential Roles of Chemokines CCL2 and CCL7 in Monocytosis and Leukocyte Migration during West Nile Virus Infection

Susana V. Bardina et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Review Immunology

Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells in Cancer Pathogenesis

Jo Marie Tran Janco et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Respiratory epithelial cells orchestrate pulmonary innate immunity

Jeffrey A. Whitsett et al.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Review Immunology

CD21-/low B cells: A Snapshot of a Unique B Cell Subset in Health and Disease

K. Thorarinsdottir et al.

SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Editorial Material Virology

Morbillivirus Infections: An Introduction

Rory D. de Vries et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2015)

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Phenotypic Tfh development promoted by CXCR5-controlled re-localization and IL-6 from radiation-resistant cells

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PROTEIN & CELL (2015)

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Editorial Material Immunology

CXCL8-the first chemokine

Marco Baggiolini

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Article Immunology

Perforin: structure, function, and role in human immunopathology

Ilia Voskoboinik et al.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2015)

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Annexin1 regulates DC efferocytosis and cross-presentation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Fanny Tzelepis et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2015)

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Review Immunology

Regulation of macrophage development and function in peripheral tissues

Yonit Lavin et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Review Respiratory System

The Role of Surfactant in Lung Disease and Host Defense against Pulmonary Infections

SeungHye Han et al.

ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY (2015)

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Review Immunology

The ins and outs of MHC class II-mediated antigen processing and presentation

Paul A. Roche et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Targeting IL-10 in Auto-immune Diseases

Guo Tian et al.

CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS (2014)

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The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in immune tolerance: Focus on macrophage polarization of THP-1 cells

Xian-Feng Wang et al.

CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2014)

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Article Immunology

IgM, IgG, and IgA Antibody Responses to Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Hemagglutinin in Infected Persons during the First Wave of the 2009 Pandemic in the United States

Zhu-Nan Li et al.

CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY (2014)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

IL-12-and IL-23 in health and disease

Andrew L. Croxford et al.

CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS (2014)

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Review Immunology

The CXCL8/IL-8 chemokine family and its receptors in inflammatory diseases

Remo C. Russo et al.

EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2014)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Circulating T follicular regulatory and helper cells have memory-like properties

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2014)

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Letter Dermatology

Epidermal CCL27 Expression Is Regulated during Skin Development and Keratinocyte Differentiation

Michael Mildner et al.

JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY (2014)

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Review Immunology

IgG subclasses and allotypes: from structure to effector functions

Gestur Vidarsson et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2014)

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Review Immunology

From monocytes to M1/M2 macrophages: phenotypical vs. functional differentiation

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FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2014)

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Review Immunology

Th17 cell development: from the cradle to the grave

Luis A. Zuniga et al.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2013)

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Article Immunology

Lung-resident tissue macrophages generate Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and promote airway tolerance

Pejman Soroosh et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2013)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Phenotypic characterization of human intermediate monocytes

Danielle Hijdra et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2013)

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Review Immunology

Immature, semi-mature, and fully mature dendritic cells: toward a DC-cancer cells interface that augments anticancer immunity

Aleksandra M. Dudek et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2013)

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Article Hematology

Key implication of CD277/butyrophilin-3 (BTN3A) in cellular stress sensing by a major human γδ T-cell subset

Christelle Harly et al.

BLOOD (2012)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Type 1 Diabetes-associated HLA-DQ8 Transdimer Accommodates a Unique Peptide Repertoire

Menno van Lummel et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2012)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Cross-presenting CD103+ dendritic cells are protected from influenza virus infection

Julie Helft et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2012)

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Article Immunology

Human CD8+ T cells drive Th1 responses through the differentiation of TNF/iNOS-producing dendritic cells

Shu Zhen Chong et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2011)

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Review Immunology

Structure and function relationships in IgA

J. M. Woof et al.

MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY (2011)

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Article Immunology

Prevalence of Antibodies to Four Human Coronaviruses Is Lower in Nasal Secretions than in Serum

Geoffrey J. Gorse et al.

CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY (2010)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

CXCR2 and CXCR4 antagonistically regulate neutrophil trafficking from murine bone marrow

Kyle J. Eash et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2010)

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Article Immunology

The contribution of direct TLR signaling to T cell responses

Adeeb H. Rahman et al.

IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH (2009)

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Review Immunology

CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells: an important NK cell subset

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IMMUNOLOGY (2009)

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Article Immunology

GM-CSF and IL-4 synergistically trigger dendritic cells to acquire retinoic acid-producing capacity

Aya Yokota et al.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY (2009)

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Review Immunology

Impact of MHC class I diversity on immune control of immunodeficiency virus replication

Philip J. R. Goulder et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2008)

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Article Immunology

A new population of cells lacking expression of CD27 represents a notable component of the B cell memory compartment in systemic lupus erythematosus

Chungwen Wei et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2007)

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Article Immunology

Cutting edge: TREM-2 attenuates macrophage activation

Isaiah R. Turnbull et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2006)

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Article Immunology

Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus immune responses:: The role played by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells

F Poccia et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2006)

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Review Oncology

The function of immunoglobulin A in immunity

JM Woof et al.

JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2006)

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Article Immunology

MHC class II compartment, endocytosis and phagocytic activity of macrophages and putative dendritic cells isolated from normal tissues rich in synovium

M Moghaddami et al.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY (2005)

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Article Cell Biology

Virally stimulated plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce chemokines and induce migration of T and NK cells

NJ Megjugorac et al.

JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY (2004)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Endothelial expression of MHC class II molecules in autoimmune disease

C Turesson

CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN (2004)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Current concepts: Thyroiditis

EN Pearce et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2003)

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Review Immunology

Granzyme B: a natural born killer

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IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2003)

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Article Hematology

Myeloid blood CD11c+ dendritic cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells differ in their ability to stimulate T lymphocytes

Y Osugi et al.

BLOOD (2002)

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Review Immunology

γδ T cells:: Functional plasticity and heterogeneity

SR Carding et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2002)

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Article Immunology

Dendritic cells support hematopoiesis of bone marrow cells

QX Wang et al.

TRANSPLANTATION (2001)

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Article Immunology

CD27 is required for generation and long-term maintenance of T cell immunity

J Hendriks et al.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2000)

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