Anti-microbial efficacy and notable biocompatibility of Rosa damascene and Citrus sinensis biomass-derived metabolites

Metabolites derived from herbal plants like Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, and Allium sativum have shown noteworthy healing activity against various skin infection disease like cellulitis, erysipelas, impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, and carbuncles. Although, the healing properties of medicinal plants have been utilized ,scientific validation should be needed for the determination of bioactive metabolites of selected plants. This validation reveals the anti microbial principles of the metabolites against skin infection. With this research aim, the current study is undertaken to evaluate the Antimicrobial efficacy of metabolites derived from Rosa damascene and Citrus sinensis. Metabolites were extracted from an ethanol extract of the respective plant biomass. A qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening study identified the presence of various phytochemical bioactive constituents like tannins, phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Quantification test of phytochemical constituents revealed that the ethanolic extract of Citrus sinensis exhibited a maximum content of total phenol (542.11 +/- 0.06 mg GAE/g D.W.) and total flavonoid (278.46 +/- 0.04 mg QE/g D.W.). But, both the plant extracts Rosa damascene and Citrus sinensis showed minimum content of total tannin (235.32 +/- 0.22 mg TAE/g D.W. and 263.65 +/- 0.02 mg TAE/g D.W.). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the standard well diffusion assay and a biofilm inhibition assay. The ethanolic extracts were observed to exhibit a significantly potent antibacterial and antifungal activity against a wide range of microorganisms, as evidenced by their superior efficacy in inhibiting the growth and proliferation of bacterial and fungal strains when compared to Aqueous extracts which showed no inhibition. Among the various concentration tested, The zone of inhibition was recorded in the maximum concentration (100 mu g) of all ethanol extracts against the selected pathogens. The high biocompatibility of plant extract was evaluated with a zebrafish model system and in vitro hemocompatibility. No signs of toxic effects were observed in the various developmental stages of zebrafish. Further confirmation of biocompatibility by using human peripheral blood cells showed no hemolysis. thus, revealing the best biocompatibility of the respective plant extracts.

Automated summary

Metabolites derived from herbal plants have shown notable healing activity against various skin infection diseases. However, scientific validation is needed to determine the bioactive metabolites and their anti-microbial principles. In this study, the antimicrobial efficacy of metabolites from Rosa damascene and Citrus sinensis was evaluated. The ethanolic extracts exhibited potent antibacterial and antifungal activity, and showed high biocompatibility.