Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota between Wild and Captive Golden Snub-Nosed Monkeys

Environmental shifts and dietary habits could directly affect the gut microbiota of animals. In this study, we investigated the gut microbiota of golden snub-nosed monkeys under two different conditions: captive and wild. Our study adopted a non-invasive sampling method, using full-length 16S rRNA Pacbio SMAT sequencing technology to compare the gut microbiota of wild and captive golden snub-nosed monkeys. The results showed that the captive populations had higher alpha diversity than the wild populations, and there were also significant differences in beta diversity. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed 39 distinctly different taxonomic units. At the phylum level, the most dominant bacteria under captive and wild conditions were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. This study revealed that the different fiber intake between wild and captive populations might be the main reason for the difference in the gut microbiota. We found that captive golden snub-nosed monkeys had less beneficial bacteria and more potentially pathogenic bacteria than wild ones. Functional predictions showed that the most significant functional pathway at the second level between the captive and wild monkeys was carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, our results indicate that diet changes caused by captivity could be the main reason impacting the gut microbiota of captive golden snub-nosed monkeys. We further highlight the potential impact of diet changes on the health of captive golden snub-nosed monkeys and offer some suggestions for the feeding of captive golden snub-nosed monkeys.

Automated summary

Environmental shifts and dietary habits can directly impact the gut microbiota of animals. This study compared the gut microbiota of captive and wild golden snub-nosed monkeys using non-invasive sampling and 16S rRNA Pacbio SMAT sequencing technology. The results showed differences in alpha and beta diversity between captive and wild populations, with captive monkeys having less beneficial and more potentially pathogenic bacteria. The differences in fiber intake were identified as the main reason for the variations in gut microbiota between captive and wild monkeys. Carbohydrate metabolism was found to be the most significant functional pathway affected by captivity. The findings highlight the potential impact of diet changes on the health of captive golden snub-nosed monkeys and provide suggestions for their feeding.