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Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sebastian Verho et al.
Summary: This paper presents an adjustable 4x4 antenna array with electrical beam steering and polarization control. By calibrating and adjusting the beam steering angle, the accuracy of pointing can be improved to avoid transmission failure. The phase error between components is reduced by measuring the phase shift profile of the 4x4 array at different voltage bias points to achieve robust beam steering. The desired steering angle is achieved with an accuracy of 2 degrees by over or under steering in the beamforming calculations. The main beam is incrementally steered from 0 degrees to 45 degrees with a gain ranging from 4.7 dB to 2.8 dB. Polarization control in the horizontal and vertical directions for a linearly polarized wave is also demonstrated.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
David Demmer et al.
Summary: In this work, hybrid precoding techniques for multi-user T-RIS systems are studied. A multi-beam T-RIS propagation model with strong phase quantization constraints and limited beam codebooks is proposed and validated by characterizing a Ka-band T-RIS. The quad-beam T-RIS structure is optimized using two metrics and the system performance is evaluated in a multi-user scenario. The results show that considering analog precoding is sufficient to optimize the T-RIS, but a fully hybrid precoding scheme is required to deal with inter-user interference. A codebook-aware optimization is proposed to improve the aperture efficiency of the T-RIS system.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Qasim Ali et al.
Summary: This paper discusses recent developments and challenges in beam steering characteristics of reconfigurable transmitarray antennas, focusing on high efficiency, low profile, and low cost solutions. It analyzes various beam steering high gain reconfigurable transmitarrays and highlights future opportunities and challenges in structure design, including complexity in terahertz and optical frequencies. Additionally, challenges and limitations related to multi-bit structures and dual-band requirements are addressed.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
In-Gon Lee et al.
Summary: This study proposes a multi-functional reconfigurable transmitarray that can switch between polarizations and adjust beam directions. It uses a PIN diode with ON/OFF switching ability. The simulation shows that this architecture can achieve 2D beam scanning within +/- 45 degrees in both elevation and azimuth angles while maintaining or converting linear polarization. The performance is verified through measurements, with maximum gain of 14.5 dBi, sidelobe level below 14.5 dBc, polarization converting loss below 1.28 dB, and polarization isolation level above 14.7 dB. It provides a simplified design technique for radar systems requiring small size, weight, power, and cost (SWaP-C) characteristics.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Qasim Ali et al.
Summary: This article presents a high gain, low profile, and compact dual-band transmitarray unit in Ku-band with independent phase control. It is designed for various communication applications such as satellite communication, mobile communication, and SATCOM on the move. The unit operates at 12.5/16.5 GHz with dual linear polarization, and has independent phase control for both frequency bands.
2022 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (ISAP)
(2022)
Article
Optics
Qinzhuo Chen et al.
Summary: This paper introduces an electronically reconfigurable unit cell for transmit-reflect-arrays in the X-band, which enables independent control of reflection or transmission phases. The fabricated unit cell showed promising results in the experiment.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yu Xiao et al.
Summary: This study introduces a 1-bit wideband reconfigurable unit cell for transmitarray applications in Ku-band, which is fabricated and tested using a specific waveguide simulator. Experimental results show that the unit cell has low insertion losses and high phase stability.
IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Trung Kien Pham et al.
Summary: The experimental validation of independent and wide beam scanning with a dual-band transmitarray antenna in Satcom up- and down-links at Ka-band is presented. The antenna layout consists of two subarrays operating at different frequencies, sharing a common radiating aperture to achieve a compact configuration. The design relies on bifocal technique to extend the beam-scanning capability, allowing for independent scanning in each band with very low scan loss.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dmitry Kozlov et al.
Summary: A new implementation of a beam-steering transmitarray is proposed based on the tiled array architecture, enabling a wide range of beam steering and beam forming capabilities. Through hard-wired settings and phase modulation patterns, specific transmission characteristics and performance can be achieved. Testing of prototypes of tiled and single-panel transmitarrays show close performance to simulations and minimal impact from fabrication tolerances, indicating great potential for fifth-generation (5G) communication systems.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yu Xiao et al.
Summary: A novel 1-bit reconfigurable transmitarray antenna based on a Yagi-Vivaldi unit cell for wideband and beam scanning applications at the $Ku$ -band is proposed. The antenna unit cell consists of a tightly coupled microstrip Yagi antenna and a Vivaldi antenna, and utilizes a novel phase shifter and metasurface to achieve reconfigurability and improve oblique incidence performance. The RTA prototype with $16\times 16$ unit cells demonstrates good bandwidth and beam scanning performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Vitalii Kirillov et al.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2020)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Antonio Clemente et al.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Martin Frank et al.
IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Min Wang et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Abdul Aziz et al.
IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Min Wang et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hamed Hasani et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Binh Duong Nguyen et al.
IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Cheng Huang et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
(2015)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Antonio Clemente et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
(2013)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jonathan Y. Lau et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
(2012)
