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Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Qian Wang et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Jessica Miller et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alison Tarke et al.
Summary: T cell responses induced by different vaccine platforms cross-recognize early SARS-CoV-2 variants, while memory B cells and neutralizing antibodies show significant decreases. The majority of memory T cell responses are preserved against variants, with lower recognition of Omicron by memory B cells.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juan Manuel Carreno et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, first identified in South Africa and Botswana in November 2021, has rapidly spread globally with high transmissibility. It has an unprecedented number of mutations in its spike gene, leading to immune escape and reduced vaccine efficacy. The neutralizing and binding activity against Omicron varies among individuals with different vaccination and infection histories.
Review
Immunology
Paul Moss
Summary: T cell immunity plays a central role in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, with early responses correlating with protection. T cell memory provides broad recognition of viral proteins, limiting the impact of viral variants and offering protection against severe disease. Current COVID-19 vaccines elicit robust T cell responses, contributing to the prevention of hospitalization or death. Therefore, the importance of T cell immunity may have been underestimated.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Gao et al.
Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells induced by prior infection or BNT162b2 vaccination provide extensive immune coverage against the Omicron variant. Additionally, T cells induced by BNT162b2 vaccination exhibit higher cross-reactivity to the Omicron variant compared to T cells induced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Immunology
Flavia Chiuppesi et al.
Summary: Research shows that the COH04S1 vaccine provides effective protection against SARS-CoV-2 in animal models through different vaccination routes and dose regimens. It induces specific immune responses, including cross-neutralizing antibodies, and protects against symptoms and lung damage caused by viral challenge. Additionally, the vaccine also triggers strong immune responses and antiviral reactions in non-human primates.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abishek Chandrashekar et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates that the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine and the adenovirus-vector-based Ad26.COV2.S vaccine provide robust protection against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. However, some vaccinated animals with moderate immune responses failed to fully control the virus.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew Gagne et al.
Summary: This study shows that both mRNA-1273 and mRNA-Omicron generate comparable immunity and protection after booster doses, and are able to neutralize the Omicron variant.
News Item
Infectious Diseases
Sharmila Devi
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roanne Keeton et al.
Summary: Despite reduced neutralizing antibody activity, T cell responses induced by vaccination or infection can cross-recognize the Omicron variant and provide protection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
L. J. Abu-Raddad et al.
Summary: A study in Qatar showed that booster vaccination significantly reduced the incidence of infection with the omicron variant, providing strong protection against Covid-19-related hospitalization and death. Booster effectiveness was observed for both mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, with lower infection rates and reduced severity of cases among those who received the booster dose.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Gili Regev-Yochay et al.
Summary: Health care workers in Israel received a fourth dose of mRNA vaccine during the prevalence of the omicron variant. The fourth dose boosted antibody levels but did not surpass the maximum observed after the third dose. The vaccine demonstrated an efficacy of 31 to 43% against symptomatic disease.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Jingyou Yu et al.
Summary: Although immunity from two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine diminishes over time, a booster dose significantly enhances the neutralizing antibodies against both the BA.1 and BA.2 variants.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Virology
Veronica Roxana Flores-Vega et al.
Summary: This review discusses the mutations of SARS-CoV-2 that contribute to the emergence of new viral variants, their impact on viral spread, disease severity, and immune evasion. It also highlights the virus classification systems used by various organizations and provides an overview of the timeline of variant emergence and spike protein mutations related to immune evasion.
Article
Cell Biology
Peter J. Halfmann et al.
Summary: Antigenic changes in the Omicron variant lead to vaccine breakthrough and reinfection, with the Moderna mRNA vaccine showing reduced efficacy against this variant.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Felix Wussow et al.
Summary: COH04S1 and a variant-adapted vaccine analog demonstrate cross-protective immunity against different SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Beta and Delta, effectively preventing weight loss, lower respiratory tract infection, and lung pathology.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Flavia Chiuppesi et al.
Summary: COH04S1 vaccine showed good tolerability and induced spike-specific and nucleocapsid-specific antibody and T-cell responses in healthy adults.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qian Wang et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have become dominant in the United States and South Africa, raising concerns about their ability to evade neutralizing antibodies and compromise the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic monoclonals. A systematic antigenic analysis reveals that BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have different levels of resistance to antibodies, with BA.2.12.1 being modestly resistant and BA.4/5 being substantially resistant. Certain mutations in the spike protein facilitate antibody escape, but compromise the spike affinity for the viral receptor. Only bebtelovimab retains full potency against both subvariants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Houriiyah Tegally et al.
Summary: The genomic characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages BA.4 and BA.5, responsible for the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa, reveals their continued viral diversification and sheds light on the potential mechanisms that allow these new lineages to outcompete their predecessors. These new lineages, BA.4 and BA.5, share identical spike proteins with BA.2 but have certain differences such as the presence of the 69-70 deletion, L452R, F486V, and the wild-type amino acid at Q493. They can be identified by the S-gene target failure, a proxy marker associated with the 69-70 deletion. BA.4 and BA.5 have rapidly replaced BA.2 and have become the dominant lineages in South Africa.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicole P. Hachmann et al.
Summary: A small study found that omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 of SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to evade neutralizing antibodies induced by both vaccination and previous infection compared to the prior omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Neeltje van Doremalen et al.
Summary: This study evaluates the efficacy of the AZD1222 vaccine and an updated AZD2816 vaccine against variants of concern using a Syrian hamster model. The results show that both vaccines provide protection against the Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants in the hamster model.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Flavia Chiuppesi et al.
Summary: Individuals vaccinated with COH04S1 or mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 maintain robust cross-reactive cellular immunity for six or more months post-vaccination, providing long-term protection against both ancestral and variant strains of SARS-CoV-2.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ewen Callaway
Summary: New research suggests that the updated COVID vaccines approved in the United States and United Kingdom offer similar protection to existing vaccines.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gretchen Vogel
Article
Cell Biology
Renee L. Hajnik et al.
Summary: This study reports a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine expressing the viral nucleoprotein, which shows modest control of SARS-CoV-2 when administered alone. However, combining this vaccine with a clinically proven mRNA vaccine expressing the spike protein induces robust protection against both Delta and Omicron variants.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Prabhu S. Arunachalam et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates the durable protection provided by the AS03-adjuvanted RBD-I53-50 nanoparticle vaccine against the Omicron BA.1 variant, as well as high neutralizing antibody titers against both the Omicron and Beta variants. The vaccine also induces persistent neutralization against a panel of sarbecoviruses and elicits persistent memory T and B cell responses.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David W. Hawman et al.
Summary: The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has led to a resurgence of COVID-19 cases worldwide, as it is less sensitive to protective antibodies from previous infections and vaccines. This variant has the ability to spread even among vaccinated populations. Therefore, there is a need for updated vaccines that can provide protection against the B.1.1.529 variant.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sho Iketani et al.
Summary: The identification of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Botswana in November 2021 sparked concern due to the spike protein alterations that could potentially evade antibodies. Further studies showed that the Omicron sublineages, BA.1+R346K and BA.2, are antigenically similar to the wild-type virus and pose similar risks to the effectiveness of current vaccines. BA.2 also demonstrated resistance to many neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, highlighting the challenges in developing effective therapeutic options.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Merryn Voysey et al.
Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been shown to have an acceptable safety profile and effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19, with higher efficacy observed in the group that received a low dose followed by a standard dose.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daming Zhou et al.
Summary: The race to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1, is ongoing as these variants have mutations in the spike protein, potentially leading to immune escape. A structure-function analysis of B.1.351 revealed tighter ACE2 binding and widespread evasion from monoclonal antibody neutralization, particularly driven by the E484K mutation.
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran et al.
Article
Immunology
William E. Matchett et al.
Summary: Vaccination with a human adenovirus type 5 vector expressing the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein can establish protective immunity and reduce weight loss and viral load in vaccinated Syrian hamsters and K18hACE2 mice. Vaccinated mice showed rapid N-specific T cell recall responses in the respiratory mucosa. This study supports the idea of including additional viral antigens in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to broaden epitope coverage and immune effector mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angela Choi et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that both the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine and its variant-modified booster doses are safe and effective in improving neutralizing antibody titers against various virus variants.
Article
Cell Biology
Tanushree Dangi et al.
Summary: Incorporating nucleocapsid as an antigen in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines can improve acute protection in both the lungs and brain, suggesting the inclusion of nucleocapsid in next-generation COVID-19 vaccines is warranted. This finding provides important insights for the development of future vaccines against COVID-19.
Article
Immunology
Daryl Geers et al.
Summary: This study suggests that some variants might partially escape humoral immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or BNT162b2 vaccination, but the S-specific CD4(+) T-cell activation is not affected by the mutations in the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
So-Hee Hong et al.
Summary: A novel subunit vaccine was developed and shown to be effective in rodents and nonhuman primates. The addition of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein enhanced the immune response of the vaccine, supporting the further development of RBD-P2 as a candidate vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peng Zhou et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Na Zhu et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alba Grifoni et al.
Article
Immunology
Yanchun Peng et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Flavia Chiuppesi et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
BK Tischer et al.
