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Review
Microbiology
Hannah E. Davis et al.
Summary: Long COVID is a common and debilitating illness that affects at least 10% of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, with a wide range of symptoms and impacts on multiple organ systems. There are an estimated 65 million individuals worldwide with long COVID, and the number of cases is increasing daily. Current diagnostic and treatment options are insufficient, and there is a need for clinical trials to address leading hypotheses. Future research should account for biases and testing issues, build on viral-onset research, include marginalized populations, and meaningfully engage patients.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Celina Borges Migliavaca et al.
Summary: Over the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of systematic reviews on prevalence. However, the interpretation of heterogeneity in these reviews is often misunderstood. High I-2 values in meta-analyses of prevalence do not necessarily indicate high heterogeneity. Therefore, it is important for reviewers to focus on describing the expected range of estimates using prediction intervals and sensitivity analysis.
RESEARCH SYNTHESIS METHODS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Tingting Liao et al.
Summary: The study found that most surviving healthcare workers still had abnormal diffusion capacity at 1 year post-discharge, especially female healthcare workers. The physical and psychiatric functions of surviving healthcare workers were significantly worse than those of the healthy population.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nurdan Erol et al.
Summary: The study found that 37.2% of children experienced persisting clinical symptoms for at least one month post Covid-19 recovery. Statistically significant differences were observed in cardiovascular indicators between the study and control groups.
CARDIOLOGY IN THE YOUNG
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jessica Seessle et al.
Summary: Long COVID, defined as persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection, can last for at least 1 year and significantly impact life quality. Neurocognitive symptoms, possibly related to autoimmunity indicated by elevated ANA titers, are more common in females and can persist even when SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels are not significantly different from patients without symptoms.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ahmed Mechi et al.
Summary: The study aimed to assess long-term persistent symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 infection at 9 months post-acute infection. Fatigue, shortness of breath, and chest pain were commonly reported persistent symptoms among diabetic patients, with sulfonylurea use being associated with persistent cough.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIABETES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ida Henriette Caspersen et al.
Summary: This study followed over 70,000 Norwegian adult participants and found that COVID-19 patients may experience various symptoms such as fatigue, brain fog, and heart palpitations even one year after infection. The study also identified clusters of symptoms that may not be solely related to COVID-19.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nida Ziauddeen et al.
Summary: Long Covid is a significant health concern with a wide range of symptoms, including fatigue, chest tightness, shortness of breath, headache, and cognitive dysfunction. It can lead to decreased work and daily life abilities.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew Whitaker et al.
Summary: This study characterizes Long COVID using data from the REACT-2 community-based study in England, estimating the prevalence of persistent symptoms and identifying risk factors. It also finds evidence of symptom clustering.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Rachael A. Evans et al.
Summary: This study aimed to describe recovery one year after hospital discharge for COVID-19 and identify potential therapeutic targets by analyzing inflammatory profiles. The results showed that a significant proportion of patients did not fully recover one year after discharge. Female sex, obesity, and invasive mechanical ventilation were associated with lower likelihood of full recovery. Inflammation and obesity may be treatable traits that need further investigation in clinical trials.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Victor M. Castro et al.
Summary: Neuropsychiatric symptoms may persist following acute COVID-19 illness, but they are not specific to COVID-19 and occur at similar rates among individuals hospitalized for other indications.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Qiutang Xiong et al.
Summary: The study described the common clinical sequelae in COVID-19 survivors discharged from the hospital for more than 3 months, including general symptoms, respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular-related symptoms, psychosocial symptoms, and alopecia. Female patients were more likely to experience physical decline/fatigue, postactivity polypnoea, and alopecia.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Dalia Tohamy et al.
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the ocular manifestations of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. The results showed a significant increase in ocular complications in the COVID-19 group compared to the control group, including retinal vascular occlusion, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, and uveitis.
JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY HEALTHCARE
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Francesco Ursini et al.
Summary: The study found that the prevalence of FM is relatively high in patients who recovered from COVID-19, with male gender and obesity being among the strongest predictors for developing post-COVID-19 FM.
Article
Immunology
Maria Skaalum Petersen et al.
Summary: The study showed that over half of COVID-19 patients still had at least one symptom persisting after an average of 125 days post-symptom onset, with fatigue, loss of smell and taste, and arthralgias being the most prevalent persistent symptoms. At the last follow-up, 46.9% of patients were asymptomatic compared to only 4.4% during the acute phase. Continued monitoring for long COVID is necessary.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Nhu Ngoc Nguyen et al.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Serena Venturelli et al.
Summary: Bergamo province implemented a multidisciplinary follow-up program for COVID-19 patients, with over half of the initial group still experiencing symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnoea, and post-traumatic psychological consequences; additionally, 19% showed impaired lung function, and 17% had elevated D-dimer levels suggesting possible pulmonary embolism.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Thomas Sonnweber et al.
Summary: A study found that some COVID-19 patients still experienced persistent symptoms and lung function impairment 100 days after the onset of the disease, but there was significant improvement in symptoms and cardiopulmonary status over time.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
Christopher Millet et al.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Manuel Taboada et al.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Andrew M. Garratt et al.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chaolin Huang et al.
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the long-term health consequences of discharged COVID-19 patients and associated risk factors, particularly disease severity. Patients with more severe illness during hospitalization showed more severe impaired pulmonary diffusion capacities and abnormal chest imaging manifestations, highlighting the need for targeted interventions for long-term recovery.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Xiaoyu Han et al.
Summary: The study found that over one-third of severe COVID-19 patients showed fibrotic-like changes in the lung at 6-month follow-up CT, which were associated with older age, acute respiratory distress syndrome, longer hospital stays, tachycardia, noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and higher initial chest CT score.
Article
Respiratory System
Knut Stavem et al.
Summary: The study assessed symptoms and their determinants 1.5-6 months after symptom onset in non-hospitalised subjects with confirmed COVID-19 until 1 June 2020. Findings showed that individuals reported fewer symptoms after 1.5-6 months compared to during the acute COVID-19 phase, with persistent symptoms being associated with the number of comorbidities and symptoms experienced during the acute phase.
Article
Respiratory System
David T. Arnold et al.
Summary: The study found that most COVID-19 patients still experienced persistent symptoms and limitations in physical ability during the recovery period, but clinically significant abnormalities in chest radiograph, exercise tests, blood tests, and spirometry were less frequent, especially in patients who did not require supplementary oxygen during their acute infection.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Piero Clavario et al.
Summary: The study found that three months after discharge, about one-third of COVID-19 survivors may experience impaired cardiopulmonary function, leading to muscle functional limitations. Multivariate analysis showed that lung function, CO diffusion capacity, and DLE maximal strength were associated with pVO2.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Psychiatry
Qi Mei et al.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Cesar Fernandez-de-las-Penas et al.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mattia Bellan et al.
Summary: The study examined the prevalence of lung function, exercise function, and psychological sequelae among survivors of severe COVID-19 four months after discharge. Over half of patients experienced reduced lung capacity, one-fifth had functional impairment, and about one-fifth showed symptoms of posttraumatic stress. These findings suggest that a significant proportion of COVID-19 survivors may continue to experience respiratory, functional, or psychological issues months after hospital discharge.
Letter
Respiratory System
Oriol Sibila et al.
ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGIA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Mazza Mario Gennaro et al.
Summary: The mental health implications and cognitive status of COVID-19 pneumonia survivors were prospectively evaluated one and three months after hospital discharge. 35.8% of patients still self-rated symptoms in the clinical range in at least one psychopathological dimension at three months post-discharge. Baseline systemic immune-inflammation index predicted self-rated depressive symptomatology and cognitive impairment at three-months follow-up.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Karen B. Jacobson et al.
Summary: The study assessed 118 individuals 3-4 months after their initial COVID-19 diagnosis and found significant persistent symptoms and functional impairment, even in non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jose-Ramon Blanco et al.
Summary: This study aimed to describe lung function in patients recovering from COVID-19 hospitalization and to identify biomarkers in serum and induced sputum samples from these patients. A total of 100 patients with respiratory function tests were included in the study, with 47% of patients experiencing severe COVID-19 symptoms and 48% of patients having normal CT results.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Verena Rass et al.
Summary: Neurological symptoms were prevalent at the 3-month follow-up in COVID-19 patients, with smelling disorders being persistent in a large proportion of patients even after recovery from the acute infection.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Die Zhang et al.
Summary: This study analyzed and compared CT findings and longitudinal variations after discharge in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients, showing significant differences in the characteristics and changing trends of pulmonary sequelae between the two groups. Patients with severe/critical disease had more serious pulmonary sequelae and slower recovery compared to those with moderate disease. Some fibrosis-like findings were completely absorbed in patients with moderate and severe/critical diseases after discharge.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Wei Qin et al.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jintao Zhang et al.
Summary: A study of 527 discharged COVID-19 patients found that approximately 6.1% showed re-detectable positive status, with juvenile patients being more susceptible to infection recurrence. Antibody detections at 3 and 6 months post-discharge were 14.2% and 25.0% respectively, with cases of negative antibodies more common among juvenile patients. These findings have implications for long-term management of recovered COVID-19 patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Nursing
Guangbo Qu et al.
Summary: This study investigated the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of COVID-19 patients after discharge, finding that most patients still experienced physical symptoms three months after discharge. Female gender, older age (60 years and above), and the presence of physical symptoms after discharge were identified as risk factors for poor physical and mental health outcomes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Leila Simani et al.
Summary: The prevalence of CFS among patients with COVID-19 is similar to that in the general population, and PTSD in patients with COVID-19 is not associated with an increased risk of CFS. Medical institutions should pay attention to the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak.
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Dominic L. Sykes et al.
Summary: Recent studies have shown that COVID-19 patients may experience lasting symptoms, with females being more likely to report residual symptoms. The phenomenon of Long-COVID may not be solely attributed to the impact of SARS-CoV-2, indicating a potential role of biopsychosocial effects of COVID-19 in its etiology.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Imad M. Tleyjeh et al.
Summary: The study evaluated COVID-19 survivors post discharge and found that dyspnea, cough, and fatigue were common symptoms at 4 months after discharge. Risk factors for new or persistent symptoms included female gender, pre-existing hypertension, and longer hospital stays. Age, pre-existing lung disease, and emergency room visits were associated with not fully recovering from acute COVID-19. Patients treated with interferon beta-1b based triple antiviral therapy during hospital stay were less likely to have ongoing symptoms and more likely to return to baseline health.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carole H. Sudre et al.
Summary: Reports on long-lasting COVID-19 symptoms, known as 'long COVID', are increasing. Analysis of data from over 4,000 COVID-19 cases revealed that long COVID is more common in older individuals, those with higher body mass index, and females. Experiencing more than five symptoms in the first week of illness was associated with long COVID. A simple model showed promise in distinguishing between short and long COVID cases early in the disease.
Article
Virology
Mattia Trunfio et al.
Summary: This study found that the SARS-CoV-2 Ct value at diagnosis could predict disease severity, number of symptoms, and six-month sequelae in COVID-19 patients. Early quantification of SARS-CoV-2 may be a useful predictive marker to inform differential strategies of clinical management and resource allocation.
Editorial Material
Otorhinolaryngology
Daniela Lucidi et al.
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Knut Stavem et al.
Summary: The study found a high prevalence of fatigue following COVID-19, which was higher than in a general norm population. Fatigue symptoms were most prevalent among women, individuals with a high symptom load, or confusion during the acute phase of COVID-19.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jingron Weng et al.
Summary: Viral mutations combined with immunosuppression may weaken vaccine responses in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, affecting their antiviral and immune responses. Therefore, caution is still advised for patients with IBD and the immunosuppressed population when it comes to vaccine administration during the current pandemic.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Jennifer K. Logue et al.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Salvador Domenech-Montoliu et al.
Summary: This study observed significant differences in post-COVID-19 complications based on ABO blood groups, with a higher incidence in the B blood group. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maxime Taquet et al.
Summary: This study investigated the incidence and co-occurrence of long-COVID features in COVID-19 survivors, with comparisons to influenza patients, using electronic health records data. The findings showed that long-COVID clinical features were more commonly reported after COVID-19 infection, and differences were associated with sex, age, and illness severity.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Christina Lemhoefer et al.
Summary: Long-term symptoms after mild and moderate COVID-19 are common and can lead to limitations in activities and participation, but in most cases they do not severely impact quality of life or work ability.
JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Rachael A. Evans et al.
Summary: The study aimed to understand the impact of COVID-19-related hospitalization on health and employment, identify factors associated with recovery, and describe recovery phenotypes. Findings revealed that some patients did not fully recover six months after discharge, with factors such as female sex, middle age, comorbidities, and severe illness contributing to difficulties in recovery. The study also identified four different recovery phenotypes.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Juan Riestra-Ayora et al.
Summary: In COVID-19 patients, olfactory and gustatory dysfunction showed high-resolution rates within the first two months after onset, but 11% did not fully recover and 30% partially recovered after 6 months. There was a high correlation between olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, while nasal obstruction and dyspnea were identified as risk factors for symptom persistence.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Rehabilitation
Alessio BARICICH et al.
European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Luc Morin et al.
Summary: After 4 months of hospitalization for COVID-19, a significant proportion of patients reported new symptoms and abnormalities in lung scans were common. Further research is needed to understand the long-term consequences of COVID-19.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Sebastian Havervall et al.
Summary: This study found that COVID-19-related symptoms can persist for 8 months among Swedish health care workers, and these symptoms have effects on their home, work, and social functions.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lorenzo Tarsitani et al.
Summary: The study found that at 3-month follow-up after hospital discharge, 10.4% of COVID-19 patients received a PTSD diagnosis based on PCL-5, and an additional 8.6% received a diagnosis of subthreshold PTSD. Previous psychiatric diagnosis and obesity were identified as risk factors for developing PTSD, while male sex was a protective factor.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Letter
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nadia A. Liyanage-Don et al.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Y. F. Shang et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the sequelae of COVID-19 in 1174 recovered patients, finding that 55.4% experienced some form of sequelae, with fatigue, sleep disorders, and shortness of breath being the most common symptoms.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Cesar Fernandez-de-las-Penas et al.
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of post-COVID-19 cough one year after hospital discharge in COVID-19 survivors and found that a significant proportion of patients still experienced respiratory symptoms post-discharge, with a 2.5% prevalence of long-term cough. No clear risk factors associated with long-term post-COVID-19 cough were identified.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Jacqueline H. Becker et al.
Summary: This study aims to examine rates of cognitive impairment among COVID-19 survivors and investigate the association between care setting and cognitive impairment rates.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xue Zhang et al.
Summary: This study found that patients with severe disease during hospitalization for COVID-19 had more post-infection symptoms and higher CAT scores at 1-year follow-up. Older age, female sex, and severe disease were identified as risk factors for fatigue, while severe disease and older age were associated with having at least 3 symptoms.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ziyad Al-Aly et al.
Summary: This study comprehensively describes the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 using national healthcare databases, finding increased risk of death and use of health resources beyond the first 30 days of illness, as well as incident sequelae in various organ systems, increased use of therapeutic agents, and evidence of laboratory abnormalities. The findings show a risk gradient according to the severity of acute COVID-19 infection and highlight the burden of health loss experienced by patients who survive the acute phase.
Article
Psychiatry
Leiwen Fu et al.
Summary: COVID-19 survivors reported poor sleep quality, with factors associated including witnessing suffering or death of other patients, depressive and anxiety symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorders, and social support. Interventions and support services to improve sleep quality should be provided during and after hospital discharge.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
T. A-Z K. Gaber et al.
Summary: The study found that 24% of healthcare workers in an English teaching hospital tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, with 45% of respondents reporting persistent symptoms. The most common long-term complications were moderate-to-severe fatigue (39%), along with mild-to-moderate shortness of breath, anxiety, and sleep disturbance. Only 16% consulted their general practitioner about their symptoms, and 2% took sick leave after recovering from the acute illness.
OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Antoine Froidure et al.
Summary: A cohort study was conducted to determine respiratory sequelae in patients with severe and critical COVID-19, finding that a substantial proportion complain of persisting dyspnea and fatigue post-recovery. Impairment of DLCO and signs suggestive of fibrosis are common, but not strictly related to long-lasting symptoms.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Mikulas Skala et al.
Summary: Post-COVID patients were categorized into four clinical groups based on subjective respiratory symptoms and objective signs of pulmonary involvement. Nearly half of outpatients and one third of hospitalized patients had objective signs of pulmonary involvement without accompanying subjective respiratory symptoms three months after diagnosis.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel Ayoubkhani et al.
Summary: Patients discharged from the hospital after COVID-19 were found to have increased rates of multiorgan dysfunction, with higher risk not only limited to the elderly but also varying across ethnic groups.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
M. M. Walle-Hansen et al.
Summary: More than half of the patients reported a negative change in HR-QoL 6 months following hospitalisation due to COVID-19, and one out of three experienced a persistently impaired mobility and ability to carry out activities of daily living. The results suggest awareness of long-term functional decline in older COVID-19 patients.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marta Nunez-Fernandez et al.
Summary: A study found that the most frequent alteration in respiratory function tests three to four months after hospitalization for COVID-19 pneumonia was decreased DLCO. Factors associated with changes in DLCO-DLNO combination included age, gender, dyspnoea severity, perception of health, and physical capacity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sean Wei Xiang Ong et al.
Summary: A study conducted in Singapore involving 288 COVID-19 patients revealed that approximately 10% of recovered patients still experienced persistent symptoms 6 months after the initial infection. The immune cytokine profiles of recovered patients indicated ongoing chronic inflammation and angiogenesis. Monitoring for long-term health consequences in COVID-19 patients is recommended.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Tatiana Matteudi et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mayssam Nehme et al.
Summary: This study characterized symptoms 7 to 9 months after COVID-19 diagnosis.
39% of participants reported residual symptoms, with fatigue being the most common.
The findings contribute to recognition of long-term effects of COVID-19 and encourage long-term monitoring by physicians.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lijuan Xiong et al.
Summary: The study found that healthcare workers with severe COVID-19 in Hubei Province, China showed improvement in functional fitness within 1 year after discharge, indicating the importance of continued monitoring and potential intervention to support their recovery.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alvaro Romero-Duarte et al.
Summary: Long-term effects of COVID-19, also known as Long COVID, affect over 10% of patients, with severe cases presenting a higher frequency of sequelae. This study aimed to identify and quantify the frequency and outcomes associated with sequelae or persistent symptomatology (SPS) in patients during the 6 months after discharge for COVID-19. The study found that most surviving patients experienced various types of sequelae, with respiratory, systemic, neurological, and mental health sequelae being the most common.
Article
Hematology
Birgitte Tholin et al.
Summary: Infection with COVID-19 may increase the risk of VTE, but the reported incidence rates of VTE show wide variation. This study found a lower incidence rate of VTE in both hospitalised and non-hospitalised patients after COVID-19 diagnosis, suggesting potential differences in thrombotic complications.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Daniel Munblit et al.
Summary: Nearly half of adults hospitalized due to COVID-19 reported persistent symptoms 6 to 8 months after discharge, with fatigue and respiratory symptoms being the most common. Female sex was associated with persistent symptoms.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rebecca R. Taylor et al.
Summary: This study found that many patients continue to experience symptoms post-COVID-19, with fatigue being one of the most common symptoms, along with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Asynchronous virtual reviews helped identify patients in need of face-to-face assessments.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Maddalena Peghin et al.
Summary: The study found a high prevalence rate of post-COVID-19 syndrome at 40.2% six months after onset, with factors associated including the presence of IgG antibodies, female gender, an increase in symptom number at onset, and ICU admission. Prospective follow-up for COVID-19 patients is recommended to identify long-term sequelae early.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ali Aminian et al.
Summary: Obesity is a major risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and mortality, and is also associated with an increased risk of developing postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David Tak Wai Lui et al.
Summary: The study revealed that 20.1% of COVID-19 survivors developed long COVID (LC), with females and those with higher viral loads in the acute phase being more vulnerable. Most abnormal thyroid function tests in acute COVID-19 resolved upon follow-up, but incident anti-TPO positivity was observed.
ENDOCRINE PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Ingunn Skjorten et al.
Summary: One-third of participants experienced peak oxygen uptake (V'(O2peak)) <80% predicted 3 months after hospital discharge for COVID-19. Dyspnoeic participants had lower exercise capacity due to obesity and lower ventilatory efficiency. Ventilation and ventilatory efficiency were similar between ICU- and non-ICU-treated participants.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chen Chai et al.
Summary: This study found that COVID-19 patients with cancer have significantly higher 1-year mortality rates compared to non-cancer patients, but the long-term mortality rate of surviving cancer COVID-19 patients is similar to that of cancer patients. Different tumor subtypes have different effects on COVID-19 outcomes.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Thomas Radtke et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Javier Garcia-Abellan et al.
Summary: Long-COVID is associated with weak anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, severity of illness, and female gender. Late clinical events and persistent symptoms in the medium and long term occur in a significant proportion of patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Xiquan Yan et al.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Virology
Mona Mohammed Abdelrahman et al.
Summary: After recovery from COVID-19, there is a high percentage of patients reporting persistent symptoms, with fatigue and headache being the most common. Age is considered a risk factor for persistent symptoms. Re-infection with SARS-CoV-2 can occur even after recovery.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Viviana Cristillo et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lixue Huang et al.
Article
Neurosciences
Yu-Hui Liu et al.
Summary: COVID-19 patients, especially severe cases, have a higher risk of long-term cognitive decline, including cognitive impairment and mild cognitive impairment. Severe cases are more likely to experience cognitive decline, which is associated with factors such as low education level and COPD.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bjorn Blomberg et al.
Summary: An analysis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections in Bergen, Norway, revealed that a high proportion of patients experienced long-term COVID symptoms at 6 months, even though they were relatively young and had only mild to moderate acute COVID-19 symptoms. This highlights the significance of infection control measures, such as vaccination.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
M. Tempany et al.
Summary: The study revealed a high prevalence of PCS among healthcare workers, even including some who were not previously diagnosed with COVID-19. The frequency and duration of PCS present challenges to employers in managing work availability and performance.
OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dominik Menges et al.
Summary: This study found a significant proportion of individuals experiencing longer-term consequences after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some patients did not fully recover six to eight months post-diagnosis, with many experiencing symptoms of fatigue, dyspnea, or depression. Additionally, a high percentage sought healthcare services after acute illness, but some individuals did not seek further care despite ongoing symptoms.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Damiano Caruso et al.
Summary: At the 6-month follow-up chest CT, 72% of patients with COVID-19 showed late sequelae, particularly fibrosis-like changes. The baseline Lung Severity Score and well-aerated lung volume at quantitative chest CT analysis performed well in predicting fibrosis-like changes after 6 months. Male sex, cough, lymphocytosis, and well-aerated lung volume at QCCT analysis were significant predictors of fibrosis-like changes at 6 months, showing an inverse correlation.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Justine Frija-Masson et al.
Summary: This study found that survivors of COVID-19 pneumonia often experience impaired lung function at three months, even in patients with mild initial disease, with significantly lower function in those with residual CT lesions. Steroids do not seem to impact functional and radiological recovery. Long-term follow-up is necessary.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Beatriz Costa Todt et al.
Summary: The study found that COVID-19 patients frequently experience persistent clinical and mental health issues up to 3 months following hospital discharge, significantly impacting their health-related quality of life. Female sex and intensive care requirement were independently associated with worsening of HRQoL.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alina Kashif et al.
Summary: The study found that among patients who recovered from mild COVID-19, 8 of the 11 post-viral symptoms studied were notably more prevalent in the female sample population. The results validate the presence of prolonged symptoms months after recovery from mild COVID-19, particularly in association with the female gender, proving that the post-COVID syndrome is a recognizable diagnosis in the bigger context of the post-viral fatigue syndrome.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sofie Bliddal et al.
Summary: Among non-hospitalized PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients, one third were asymptomatic, while one third of symptomatic participants reported persistent symptoms. Risk factors for persistent symptoms included female sex and BMI.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Otorhinolaryngology
Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo et al.
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gilda Diaz-Fuentes et al.
Summary: This study reported radiological evolution and pulmonary function findings in patients post COVID-19 infection. Most patients showed improvement in radiographic abnormalities during the initial clinic evaluation at an average of 12 weeks, with restrictive airway disease and decreased diffusion capacity being the most common pulmonary function test findings.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Modesto M. Maestre-Muniz et al.
Summary: The study investigated post-acute health consequences and mortality one year after hospital discharge among survivors of acute COVID-19. The findings revealed a 7.5% mortality rate among survivors and a significant proportion experiencing ongoing symptoms 1 year after disease onset.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
James B. O'Keefe et al.
Summary: Individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may experience persistent symptoms following their acute illness, including fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, and mental fog. Predictors of persistent symptoms include illness severity, female sex, and middle age. Common symptoms like weakness, fatigue, myalgias, and mental fog are associated with perceptions of physical health post-COVID-19, and require specific attention in future studies of postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; PASC).
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Eileen P. Scully et al.
Summary: Male patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are at higher risk of severe outcomes and death, particularly among younger males. The main difference lies in clinical inflammatory markers, with male sex being associated with higher risk of severe disease. Other demographic, presentation, comorbidity, and health behavior differences did not affect the association between male sex and severe disease.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Souheil Zayet et al.
Summary: More than a third of COVID-19 patients experienced persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a particular focus on loss of smell, loss of taste, fatigue, and dyspnea. Among COVID-19 outpatients, healthcare workers had a higher prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome.
Article
Oncology
Xi Yin et al.
Summary: This study found that COVID-19 survivors with dyspnea had significantly different characteristics compared to those without dyspnea. Parameters associated with lesion volume on CT scans showed the best predictive ability for post-discharge dyspnea among clinical and subjective CT findings. Lesion volume decreased gradually from peak period to discharge and continued to decrease 6 months after discharge.
ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
J. Antonio Gonzalez-Hermosillo et al.
Summary: The study found that fatigue was the most common symptom among COVID-19 recovered adults, with those aged 40 to 50 years being more likely to experience fatigue. Only 13% of patients met the criteria for ME/CFS.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Arne Soraas et al.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Elda Righi et al.
Summary: The study identified male gender, age, hospital admission, and comorbidities as important predictors of impaired general health among COVID-19 patients. Fatigue and breathlessness were the most frequently reported symptoms in the long-term impact of COVID-19.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Aurelien Emmanuel Martinez et al.
Summary: The study found that a significant proportion of healthcare workers infected with COVID-19 experience persistent symptoms at 3 and 12 months, with fatigue, impaired sense of taste or smell, and general weakness being the most common. Persistent symptoms were associated with a history of depression, pre-existing lung disease, and older age.
SWISS MEDICAL WEEKLY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xuejiao Liao et al.
Summary: This study found that 6.40% of COVID-19 survivors still had pulmonary function abnormalities 3 months after discharge, with the majority of patients showing abnormalities on chest CT, including fibrous stripes and ground-glass opacities as the most common patterns.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan Zhan et al.
Summary: Long-term immunity and functional recovery are observed in COVID-19 survivors, with high seroprevalence and stable total antibodies. However, decreased levels of specific antibodies and neutralization against variants pose a risk, especially for severe patients with lingering symptoms and organ involvement.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yoonjung Kim et al.
Summary: The study found that the rate of COVID-19-related long-term sequelae was 65.7%, with the most common sequelae being fatigue. Female gender was identified as a factor associated with mental and psychological long-term sequelae.
INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Mehrdad Nabahati et al.
Summary: This study found that about half of COVID-19 survivors developed lung fibrosis, with severe patients at higher risk. Additionally, consolidation and higher CSS in the initial CT scan were associated with an increased risk of post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis. In the 6-month follow-up, some patients showed diminished fibrotic abnormalities while others did not.
EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Arne Soraas et al.
Summary: The study investigated the health status of 8786 non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients and found that 36% of positive patients rated their health somewhat or much worse than one year ago, compared to only 18% of negative patients. Symptoms such as sore throat and cough were more frequently reported in the control group.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hannah E. Davis et al.
Summary: Patients with Long COVID report prolonged, multisystem involvement and significant disability. By seven months, many patients have not yet recovered (mainly from systemic and neurological/cognitive symptoms), have not returned to previous levels of work, and continue to experience significant symptom burden.
Letter
Respiratory System
Manlio Milanese et al.
Article
Respiratory System
Xiaohe Li et al.
Summary: Older age, higher BMI, severe/critical condition, fever, longer viral clearance time, pre-existing disease, and delayed hospitalization were identified as risk factors for developing persistent pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 patients. About one-third of fibrotic patients could reverse their condition after around 120 days from onset, and less than half of the patients had their lung function return to normal condition after three months from onset. An effective predictive model with an average AUC of 0.84 was established for early diagnosis of the persistence of pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 patients.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Pamela Carrillo-Garcia et al.
Summary: This study examined factors associated with mortality at 3 months and readmissions, as well as functional and cognitive decline, anorexia, and mood disorders in patients over 70 years old after hospital admission for SARS-CoV-2. Results showed that severe dependence at discharge was linked to higher risks of mortality and readmissions at 3 months. Functional deterioration post-hospitalization was associated with continued decline at 3 months, along with cognitive and affective deterioration.
EUROPEAN GERIATRIC MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Heba Mohamed Tawfik et al.
Summary: The study highlights the long-term symptoms in healthcare staff infected with COVID-19, shedding light on the diverse and persistent manifestations that require further large-scale studies. Participants aged 35 years and older had a higher likelihood of experiencing long-term symptoms.
ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Maxime Taquet et al.
Summary: Our study provides evidence of significant neurological and psychiatric morbidity in the 6 months following COVID-19 infection. The risks were highest in patients with severe COVID-19. This information could assist in service planning and research priority identification.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Terence Stephenson et al.
Summary: This study aims to describe the clinical phenotype of Long COVID in children and young people, produce an operational definition, and establish its prevalence in this population. A cohort study will be conducted, analyzing trajectories over time using data visualization techniques and cross-tabulation methods to aid in defining Long COVID.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Emma Ladds et al.
BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gareth J. Griffith et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liam Townsend et al.
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Daniel Westreich et al.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2013)
Article
Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods
Julian P. T. Higgins et al.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-STATISTICS IN SOCIETY
(2009)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David Moher et al.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2009)
