Patient-derived xenografts or organoids in the discovery of traditional and self-assembled drug for tumor immunotherapy

In addition to the rapid development of immune checkpoint inhibitors, there has also been a surge in the development of self-assembly immunotherapy drugs. Based on the immune target, traditional tumor immunotherapy drugs are classified into five categories, namely immune checkpoint inhibitors, direct immune modulators, adoptive cell therapy, oncolytic viruses, and cancer vaccines. Additionally, the emergence of self-assembled drugs with improved precision and environmental sensitivity offers a promising innovation approach to tumor immunotherapy. Despite rapid advances in tumor immunotherapy drug development, all candidate drugs require preclinical evaluation for safety and efficacy, and conventional evaluations are primarily conducted using two-dimensional cell lines and animal models, an approach that may be unsuitable for immunotherapy drugs. The patient-derived xenograft and organoids models, however, maintain the heterogeneity and immunity of the pathological tumor heterogeneity.

Automated summary

In addition to immune checkpoint inhibitors, self-assembly immunotherapy drugs have also been rapidly developed. Traditional tumor immunotherapy drugs are classified into five categories based on immune targets: immune checkpoint inhibitors, direct immune modulators, adoptive cell therapy, oncolytic viruses, and cancer vaccines. The emergence of self-assembled drugs with improved precision and environmental sensitivity offers a promising innovation approach. However, conventional evaluations using two-dimensional cell lines and animal models may be unsuitable for immunotherapy drugs, and patient-derived xenograft and organoid models better maintain tumor heterogeneity and immunity.