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Immunotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: current landscape and future perspectives

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Adebrelimab or placebo plus carboplatin and etoposide as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CAPSTONE-1): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

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Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of adebrelimab in combination with standard chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). The results showed that the addition of adebrelimab significantly improved overall survival and had an acceptable safety profile. Therefore, the combination of adebrelimab and chemotherapy may be a new treatment option for ES-SCLC patients.

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Durvalumab, with or without tremelimumab, plus platinum-etoposide in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: 3-year overall survival update from CASPIAN

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Summary: In extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), durvalumab plus EP continues to improve overall survival (OS), while durvalumab plus tremelimumab plus EP shows numerical improvement but does not reach statistical significance.

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Inhibition of LSD1 with Bomedemstat Sensitizes Small Cell Lung Cancer to Immune Checkpoint Blockade and T-Cell Killing

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Summary: This study found that the combination of LSD1 inhibitor and PD-1 inhibitor can enhance the treatment response in SCLC, leading to increased CD8 T cell infiltration, tumor growth inhibition, and increased MHC-I expression, thus increasing the killing activity of tumor-specific T cells.

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Effect of First-Line Serplulimab vs Placebo Added to Chemotherapy on Survival in Patients With Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer The ASTRUM-005 Randomized Clinical Trial

Ying Cheng et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and adverse event profile of the PD-1 inhibitor serplulimab plus chemotherapy compared with placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with extensive-stage SCLC. The results showed that serplulimab plus chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival and progression-free survival compared with chemotherapy alone, supporting its use as a first-line treatment for patients with previously untreated extensive-stage SCLC.

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Rechallenge of immunotherapy beyond progression in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer

Lingling Li et al.

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Efficacy and Safety of PD-L1 Inhibitors plus Chemotherapy versus Chemotherapy Alone in First-Line Treatment of Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Real-World Study

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Immune Checkpoint Blockade Outcome in Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Its Relationship With Retinoblastoma Mutation Status and Function

Afshin Dowlati et al.

Summary: This study found that mutations in the RB1 gene are associated with survival outcomes in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). RB1 mutant tumors showed downregulated expression of immune-related genes and an immune exclusion phenotype. SCLC patients with wild-type RB1 status or lower RB1 gene loss-of-function signature scores have better outcomes with ICB monotherapy.

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Prospective Single-Arm Phase 1 and 2 Study: Ipilimumab and Nivolumab With Thoracic Radiation Therapy After Platinum Chemotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer

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Patterns of transcription factor programs and immune pathway activation define four major subtypes of SCLC with distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities

Carl M. Gay et al.

Summary: Despite the heterogeneity of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), four subtypes have been identified based on tumor expression data, each showing different responses to treatment. SCLC-I subtype benefits the most from immunotherapy, while other subtypes have vulnerabilities to different inhibitors. Matching tumor subtype to therapy and manipulating subtype switching during treatment may enhance response depth and duration for SCLC patients.

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Durvalumab, with or without tremelimumab, plus platinum-etoposide versus platinum-etoposide alone in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): updated results from a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial

Jonathan W. Goldman et al.

Summary: The study showed that first-line treatment with durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide resulted in sustained improvement in overall survival, while the addition of tremelimumab to this combination did not significantly enhance efficacy. These findings support the use of durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide as a new standard of care for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.

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Nivolumab and Ipilimumab as Maintenance Therapy in Extensive-Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer: CheckMate 451

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Summary: Maintenance therapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab did not prolong overall survival (OS) for patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC) who did not progress on first-line chemotherapy. However, there may be a benefit of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with a tumor mutational burden of >= 13 mutations per megabase. The rates of grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events were highest in the nivolumab plus ipilimumab group.

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Intrinsic Immunogenicity of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Revealed by Its Cellular Plasticity

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Notch signaling and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in relapsed small cell lung cancer

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