The association of cemiplimab plus sonidegib for synchronous cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Two case reports

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are the most frequent cancers in humans, with cumulative ultraviolet radiation exposure, aging, and immunodepression as the main risk factors. In most cases, these malignancies arise in the head and neck area, and they can be treated with locoregional therapies. A minority of cases require systemic therapy. Currently, Sonic Hedgehog inhibitors (i.e., vismodegib and sonidegib) have been approved for advanced BCC, while the PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor cemiplimab has been approved as a first-line treatment for cSCC and as a second-line treatment for BCC. Nevertheless, there is a clinical need for an effective and safe systemic therapies for advanced synchronous (syn) BCC/cSCC not amenable to local treatments. International guidelines do not provide specific recommendations for patients affected by this condition, and no case reports on the full-dose association of these medications have been previously reported. Here, we present the cases of two elderly patients affected by synBCC/cSCC of the head and neck, who received combined therapy with cemiplimab and sonidegib at full dose and standard schedule, achieving remarkable clinical benefit and long-term responses, without major adverse events. The instance of a feasible treatment for patients with advanced synBCC/cSCC will become increasingly frequent with the advancement of life expectancy in the global population, and the synergistic activity of targeted therapies and immunotherapy-administered either in association or sequentially-deserves to be further explored.

Automated summary

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are common human cancers with various risk factors. Current treatments include localized therapies and systemic therapies such as Sonic Hedgehog inhibitors and PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors. However, there is a lack of specific recommendations for advanced synchronous BCC/cSCC not amenable to local treatments. In this article, two elderly patients with synBCC/cSCC of the head and neck had successful combined therapy with cemiplimab and sonidegib, achieving significant clinical benefit without major adverse events. Further exploration of the synergistic effects of targeted therapies and immunotherapy is warranted.