Genome-wide identification of A-to-I RNA editing events provides the functional implications in PDAC

IntroductionRNA editing, a wide-acknowledged post-transcriptional mechanism, has been reported to be involved in the occurrence and development of cancer, especially the abnormal alteration of adenosine to inosine. However, fewer studies focus on pancreaticcancer. Therefore, we aimed to explore the possible linkages between altered RNA editing events and the development of PDAC. MethodWe characterized the global A-to-I RNA editing spectrum from RNA and matched whole-genome sequencing data of 41 primary PDAC and adjacent normal tissues. The following analyses were performed: different editing level and RNA expression analysis,pathway analysis, motif analysis, RNA secondary structure analysis, alternative splicing events analysis, and survival analysis.The RNA editing of single-cell RNA public sequencing data was also characterized. ResultA large number of adaptive RNA editing events with significant differences in editing levels were identified, which are mainly regulated by ADAR1. Moreover, RNA editing in tumors has a higher editing level and more abundant editing sites in general. 140genes were screened out since they were identified with significantly different RNA editing events and were significantly different in expression level between tumor and matched normal samples. Further analysis showed a preference that in the tumor-specific group, they are mainly enriched in cancer-related signal pathways, while in the normal tissue-specific group, they are mainly enriched in pancreatic secretion. At the same time, we also found positively selected differentially edited sites in a series of cancer immune genes, including EGF, IGF1R, and PIK3CD. RNA editing might participate in pathogenisis of PDAC through regulating the alternative splicing and RNA secondary structure of important genesto further regulate gene expression and protein synthesis, including RAB27B and CERS4. Furthermore, single cell sequencing results showed that type2 ductal cells contributed the most to RNA editing events in tumors. ConclusionRNA editing is an epigenetic mechanism involved in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer, which has the potential to diagnose of PDAC and is closely related to the prognosis.

Automated summary

RNA editing is involved in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer, primarily regulated by ADAR1. Tumor samples have a higher editing level and more editing sites compared to normal samples. Certain genes show significantly different editing events and expression levels between tumor and normal samples, with enrichment in cancer-related pathways. Furthermore, RNA editing regulates alternative splicing and RNA secondary structure of important genes, and single cell sequencing results indicate the involvement of type2ductal cells in tumor RNA editing events.