期刊
CANCERS
卷 15, 期 11, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112961
关键词
mouse; zebrafish; GEM models; PDX models; CDX models; orthotopic models; drug screening
类别
Animal models, especially genetically engineered mouse models and xenograft transplantation technologies, have greatly advanced our understanding of disease mechanisms, including cancer. These models have been used to evaluate specific genetic changes in carcinogenesis and provide insights into tumor biomarkers. The patient-derived xenograft model has revolutionized drug discovery and therapeutics.
Animal models have been utilized for decades to investigate the causes of human diseases and provide platforms for testing novel therapies. Indeed, breakthrough advances in genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models and xenograft transplantation technologies have dramatically benefited in elucidating the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including cancer. The currently available GEM models have been employed to assess specific genetic changes that underlay many features of carcinogenesis, including variations in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. In addition, mice models render it easier to locate tumor biomarkers for the recognition, prognosis, and surveillance of cancer progression and recurrence. Furthermore, the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, which involves the direct surgical transfer of fresh human tumor samples to immunodeficient mice, has contributed significantly to advancing the field of drug discovery and therapeutics. Here, we provide a synopsis of mouse and zebrafish models used in cancer research as well as an interdisciplinary 'Team Medicine' approach that has not only accelerated our understanding of varied aspects of carcinogenesis but has also been instrumental in developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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