☆ 4.7 Review

Severe COVID-19: Drugs and Clinical Trials

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Allergy

Risk and Protective Factors for COVID-19 Morbidity, Severity, and Mortality

Jin-jin Zhang et al.

Summary: The outbreak of COVID-19 has become a global health crisis, with various factors such as age, sex, comorbidities, and racial/ethnic disparities influencing its morbidity. Children tend to experience milder illnesses, and factors like a healthy diet, sufficient nutrition, vaccination, and atopic conditions may act as protective factors. The effects of current therapies for COVID-19 and the bidirectional relationship between asthma and COVID-19 are still unclear.

CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy and safety of three new oral antiviral treatment (molnupiravir, fluvoxamine and Paxlovid) for COVID-19: a meta-analysis

Wen Wen et al.

Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis on three new oral antivirals (molnupiravir, fluvoxamine, and Paxlovid) and their effects on mortality and hospitalization rates among COVID-19 patients. The results showed that these drugs were effective in reducing mortality and hospitalization rates by approximately 67%. Furthermore, the drugs did not increase adverse events, indicating good overall safety.

ANNALS OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

RdRp inhibitors and COVID-19: Is molnupiravir a good option?

Seyed Mohammad Reza Hashemian et al.

Summary: Rapid changes in the viral genome allow viruses to evade host immune response, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is crucial in RNA viral infections. Researchers urgently seek effective treatments for COVID-19, with molnupiravir identified as a potential therapeutic agent.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Remdesivir for the treatment of patients in hospital with COVID-19 in Canada: a randomized controlled trial

Karim Ali et al.

Summary: This Canadian study explores the effectiveness of remdesivir as a treatment for COVID-19. The results show that remdesivir has a modest but significant impact on important outcomes for patients and healthcare systems, such as the need for mechanical ventilation.

CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL (2022)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Human genetic risk of treatment with antiviral nucleoside analog drugs that induce lethal mutagenesis: The special case of molnupiravir

Michael D. Waters et al.

Summary: This review examines the development and genetic toxicity evaluation of antiviral nucleoside analog drugs, particularly molnupiravir, and highlights the importance of human genotoxicity data for assessing the potential risks on patients' genomes. Preclinical genotoxicity studies and phase 1 clinical safety evaluations are crucial for predicting unforeseen adverse health effects.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Evaluation of the effect of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial (DISCOVER)

Sara Mobarak et al.

Summary: This study found that there was no significant effect of sofosbuvir/daclatasvir versus placebo on hospital discharge or survival in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY (2022)

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Letter Virology

In the age of Omicron variant: Paxlovid raises new hopes of COVID-19 recovery

Zhonglei Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Efficacy and safety of two neutralising monoclonal antibody therapies, sotrovimab and BRII-196 plus BRII-198, for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 (TICO): a randomised controlled trial

Wesley H. Self et al.

Summary: This study assessed the efficacy and safety of two neutralising monoclonal antibody therapies for adults hospitalised with COVID-19. The results showed that neither of the therapies showed significant improvement in clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Corticosteroids for COVID-19: worth it or not?

Fariya Akter et al.

Summary: The use of corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients has sparked controversy and requires further in-depth research to evaluate both its effectiveness and potential side effects.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Molnupiravir for Oral Treatment of Covid-19 in Nonhospitalized Patients

A. Jayk Bernal et al.

Summary: This study found that early treatment with molnupiravir reduced the risk of hospitalization or death in at-risk, unvaccinated adults with Covid-19.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Oral Nirmatrelvir for High-Risk, Nonhospitalized Adults with Covid-19

Jennifer Hammond et al.

Summary: In high-risk, unvaccinated adults, treatment of Covid-19 with nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir can significantly reduce the risk of hospitalization and death, with good safety profile.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Comparing efficacy and safety of different doses of dexamethasone in the treatment of COVID-19: a three-arm randomized clinical trial

Negar Toroghi et al.

Summary: This study compared the efficacy and safety of different doses of dexamethasone in treating patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. The results showed that low-dose dexamethasone had better clinical response and longer survival compared to high-dose dexamethasone, with some adverse effects slightly higher in the intermediate and high-dose groups than in the low-dose group.

PHARMACOLOGICAL REPORTS (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Does vitamin D supplementation reduce COVID-19 severity?: a systematic review

K. Shah et al.

Summary: The evidence summary indicates that vitamin D supplementation is effective in reducing the severity of COVID-19, lowering the risk of mortality, and decreasing the need for intensive care and mechanical ventilation. However, more robust and larger trials are needed to further substantiate these findings.

QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

A phase 2a clinical trial of molnupiravir in patients with COVID-19 shows accelerated SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance and elimination of infectious virus

William A. Fischer et al.

Summary: In a clinical trial, the safety, tolerability, and antiviral efficacy of molnupiravir were evaluated in unvaccinated individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study found that participants receiving high-dose molnupiravir had a shorter time to viral RNA clearance and a lower detection rate of infectious virus. Molnupiravir was well tolerated across all doses.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Effect of early treatment with fluvoxamine on risk of emergency care and hospitalisation among patients with COVID-19: the TOGETHER randomised, platform clinical trial

Gilmar Reis et al.

Summary: Treatment with fluvoxamine (100 mg twice daily for 10 days) among high-risk outpatients with early diagnosed COVID-19 reduced the need for hospitalisation defined as retention in a COVID-19 emergency setting or transfer to a tertiary hospital. The trial showed a higher probability of superiority (99.8%) surpassing the prespecified threshold of 97.6%.

LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

High- Versus Low-Dose Dexamethasone for the Treatment of COVID-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Multicenter, Randomized Open-Label Clinical Trial

Luis Patricio Maskin et al.

Summary: Among patients with ARDS caused by COVID-19, the use of higher doses of dexamethasone compared with the recommended low-dose treatment did not show an increase in ventilator-free days. However, the higher dose significantly improved the time required to liberate them from the ventilator.

JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Molnupiravir: A new candidate for COVID-19 treatment

Fariba Pourkarim et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the published literature on the mechanism of action, safety, efficacy, and clinical trials of molnupiravir in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.

PHARMACOLOGY RESEARCH & PERSPECTIVES (2022)

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Review Obstetrics & Gynecology

A review of COVID-19 therapeutics in pregnancy and lactation

Sarah C. J. Jorgensen et al.

Summary: There is a need for more research and knowledge on COVID-19 therapeutics in pregnant and lactating individuals. The safety and efficacy of key therapeutics used for COVID-19 in this population are still not well understood. Greater regulatory push and incentives are required to expedite studies obtaining pregnancy data.

OBSTETRIC MEDICINE (2022)

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Letter Obstetrics & Gynecology

Increasing severity of COVID-19 in pregnancy with Delta (B.1.617.2) variant surge

Emily H. Adhikari et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (2022)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Tocilizumab for coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy and lactation: a narrative review

Sarah C. J. Jorgensen et al.

Summary: Limited data on the use of tocilizumab in pregnancy and lactation highlights important gaps in knowledge, indicating the need for further research to determine its safety and efficacy in these populations.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2022)

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Editorial Material Emergency Medicine

Effect of 12 mg vs 6 mg of dexamethasone on the number of days alive without life support in adults with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia: the COVID STEROID 2 randomized trial

Kevin M. Durr et al.

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE (2022)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir combination against COVID-19

Emily G. McDonald et al.

CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Innovative Randomized Phase I Study and Dosing Regimen Selection to Accelerate and Inform Pivotal COVID-19 Trial of Nirmatrelvir

Ravi Shankar P. Singh et al.

Summary: This article presents a study on nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, including safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic data. The study shows that nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is safe and well-tolerated at different doses and dosing regimens, thereby determining the dose and regimen for use in clinical trials.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Nirmatrelvir Plus Ritonavir: First Approval

Yvette N. Lamb

Summary: Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir is a medication developed for the treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19. It received authorization in the UK and EU for use in adults at high risk for severe COVID-19. Nirmatrelvir is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease, while ritonavir is a protease inhibitor and CYP3A inhibitor.

DRUGS (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Sotrovimab: First Approval

Young-A Heo

Summary: Sotrovimab is a monoclonal antibody targeted against SARS-CoV-2 for the treatment of COVID-19. It has received emergency use authorizations in multiple countries and full approval in the EU.

DRUGS (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Remdesivir plus standard of care versus standard of care alone for the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (DisCoVeRy): a phase 3, randomised, controlled, open-label trial

Florence Ader et al.

Summary: A study conducted in COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital and requiring oxygen support found that remdesivir did not show significant clinical benefits compared to standard care alone.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The role of vitamin D in cardiovascular disease and COVID-19

Elissa Driggin et al.

Summary: Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease are at high risk for adverse outcomes with COVID-19. The infection is associated with various cardiovascular complications, possibly due to immune dysregulation and inflammation. Vitamin D may play a role in immune function and inflammation, but its benefit in CVD patients with COVID-19 is still unknown. It is important to investigate if vitamin D supplementation can mitigate CVD complications associated with COVID-19.

REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS (2022)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19: What is the evidence for the antiviral Paxlovid?

Andy Extance

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2022)

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Review Immunology

COVID-19 and corticosteroids: a narrative review

Gaber El-Saber Batiha et al.

Summary: Corticosteroid therapy plays an important role in the management of COVID-19, reducing the risk of acute lung injury and ARDS, as well as alleviating associated complications.

INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

The Role of Heparin in COVID-19: An Update after Two Years of Pandemics

Marco Mangiafico et al.

Summary: COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of VTE and coagulopathy, with endothelial damage being a crucial mechanism. Heparin has multiple biological actions in the treatment of COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Sotrovimab drives SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant evolution in immunocompromised patients

Gregory Destras et al.

LANCET MICROBE (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Pharmacokinetics of Oral Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir, a Protease Inhibitor for Treatment of COVID-19, in Subjects With Renal Impairment

Sima S. Toussi et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. The results showed that the exposure of nirmatrelvir increased with increasing renal impairment. However, the treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir demonstrated an acceptable safety profile, and a dose reduction recommendation was made for patients with moderate renal impairment.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2022)

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Article Immunology

Casirivimab and Imdevimab for the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19

Selin Somersan-Karakaya et al.

Summary: In hospitalized COVID-19 patients on low-flow or no supplemental oxygen, casirivimab and imdevimab reduce viral load and likely improve clinical outcomes, with the greatest benefit observed in seronegative patients.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Review Virology

Effect of corticosteroid therapy on mortality in COVID-19 patients-A systematic review and meta-analysis

Chirag Patel et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of corticosteroid therapy on mortality in COVID-19 patients through a systematic review. The results showed that corticosteroid therapy significantly increased mortality compared to standard treatment without corticosteroids. Specifically, the use of methylprednisolone was associated with a significantly increased mortality, while the use of dexamethasone showed no significant difference in mortality compared to the control group.

REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Article

COVID-19 and Cancer: Special Considerations for Patients Receiving Immunotherapy and Immunosuppressive Cancer Therapies

Jason D. Goldman et al.

American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Reevaluation of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection in anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic antibodies and mRNA-vaccine antisera using FcR- and ACE2-positive cells

Jun Shimizu et al.

Summary: Research has found that certain monoclonal antibodies approved for human therapeutic use have the potential to cause antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of SARS-CoV-2 infection at specific antibody concentrations. Additionally, some sera collected from individuals vaccinated with mRNA vaccines exhibited ADE activity, and ADE effects were observed in the case of Omicron infection. These findings suggest the possibility of adverse effects caused by these antibodies in addition to their therapeutic or preventive effects.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind phase 1 studies of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of BRII-196 and BRII-198, SARS-CoV-2 spike-targeting monoclonal antibodies with an extended half-life in healthy adults

Xiaohua Hao et al.

Summary: BRII-196 and BRII-198 have been investigated in a phase 1 study in healthy adults, demonstrating their safety, tolerability, and potential as therapeutic or prophylactic options for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 escape mutations during Bamlanivimab therapy in a phase II randomized clinical trial

Manish C. Choudhary et al.

Summary: This article reports the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 escape mutations during bamlanivimab therapy in a phase II clinical trial. The study found that treatment-emergent resistance mutations were more likely to be detected in the low-dose treatment group, and participants with resistance mutations had higher respiratory tract viral loads. The results also showed the rapid replication of the virus after the emergence of resistance mutations.

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Monoclonal Antibodies for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy: A Cohort Study

Erin K. McCreary et al.

Summary: The use of mAb treatment in pregnant persons with mild to moderate COVID-19 is associated with mild and rare adverse events. There is no difference in obstetric-associated safety outcomes between mAb treatment and no treatment among persons who delivered. There is also no difference in 28-day COVID-19-associated outcomes and non-COVID-19-related hospital admissions for mAb treatment compared with no mAb treatment in a propensity score-matched cohort.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Antibody therapy reverses biological signatures of COVID-19 progression

M. Cyrus Maher et al.

Summary: Understanding the risk factors for severe progression of COVID-19 is crucial for clinical decision making and effective treatment. This study in the COMET-ICE clinical trial identifies laboratory parameters, antibody treatment, and transcriptomic profiles as predictors of disease severity, and demonstrates that these parameters can be improved with antibody treatment.

CELL REPORTS MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of statin therapy on SARS-CoV-2 infection-related mortality in hospitalized patients

Lluis Masana et al.

Summary: This study suggests that patients admitted for COVID-19 who were treated with statins had a lower mortality rate compared to those not receiving statin therapy. Lower mortality rates were observed in patients who had been on statin therapy prior to hospitalization, indicating that statin therapy should not be discontinued due to the global concern of the pandemic or in patients hospitalized for COVID-19.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY (2022)

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Article Immunology

Methylprednisolone as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19; Metcovid): A Randomized, Double-blind, Phase IIb, Placebo-controlled Trial

Christiane Maria Prado Jeronimo et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of methylprednisolone (MP) among hospitalized patients with suspected COVID-19 and found that a short course of MP did not reduce mortality in the overall population. However, patients over 60 years old in the MP group had a lower mortality rate, suggesting potential benefits for this age group.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Letter Respiratory System

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and COVID-19 Infection

Michael Strassmair et al.

ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGIA (2021)

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Review Virology

Pathogenesis-directed therapy of 2019 novel coronavirus disease

Charles W. Stratton et al.

Summary: COVID-19 is considered a global public health emergency and therapy should be based on the pathogenic mechanisms, including testing and treatment, correcting hypoxia, reducing viral load, addressing hyperinflammation, and hypercoagulability, among six major therapeutic goals identified.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Review Rheumatology

Anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19 infection: the case for colchicine

Aaron Z. Reyes et al.

Summary: The search for effective COVID-19 management strategies is ongoing, with colchicine showing promise in targeting multiple mechanisms associated with excessive inflammation. Outpatient treatment with colchicine could potentially reduce the need for hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19, benefiting both resource-replete and resource-poor regions by reducing the demand for rare or expensive care resources.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Camostat mesylate against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19-Rationale, dosing and safety

Peter Breining et al.

Summary: Camostat mesylate is a potent inhibitor of the serine protease TMPRSS2, effectively hindering virus-cell membrane fusion and replication, reducing viral load, and potentially improving patient outcomes. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating its potential as an antiviral agent against COVID-19.

BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY (2021)

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Article Hematology

Early mortality benefit with COVID-19 convalescent plasma: a matched control study

Aarthi G. Shenoy et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that patients with COVID-19 who received CCP had a decreased risk of death at 7 and 14 days, but not 28 days after transfusion, compared to matched controls.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Potential SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors

Riddhidev Banerjee et al.

Summary: This review focuses on recent developments in the search for small-molecule inhibitors targeting the SARS-CoV-2 M-pro, aiming at discovering and designing drugs targeting the key target in the viral replication cycle.

DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY (2021)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Repurposing of CNS drugs to treat COVID-19 infection: targeting the sigma-1 receptor

Kenji Hashimoto

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spurred the search for effective treatments. Research has shown the significance of the sigma-1 receptor in SARS-CoV-2 replication, suggesting the repurposing of CNS drugs targeting this receptor for treatment. Promising results from trials with fluvoxamine have highlighted the potential for antidepressants in preventing clinical deterioration in COVID-19 patients.

EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

An open-label randomized controlled trial of the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir plus IFN-β-1a and hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Florence Ader et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the clinical, virological, and safety outcomes of different treatment options in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, showing that lopinavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir-IFN-beta-1a, and hydroxychloroquine did not improve the clinical status or SARS-CoV-2 clearance in respiratory tract specimens.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Remdesivir in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment: a review of evidence

Hui Xian Jaime Lin et al.

Summary: Remdesivir has shown potential as a therapeutic agent against COVID-19, with evidence demonstrating its ability to shorten time to recovery and hospital stay for patients. However, further large-scale clinical trials are needed to validate these findings.

INFECTION (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Bamlanivimab as Monotherapy or in Combination With Etesevimab on Viral Load in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19 A Randomized Clinical Trial

Robert L. Gottlieb et al.

Summary: The study showed that treatment with bamlanivimab and etesevimab was significantly associated with a reduction in SARS-CoV-2 viral load at day 11 in nonhospitalized patients with mild to moderate COVID-19, compared to placebo. However, bamlanivimab monotherapy did not show a significant reduction in viral load. Ongoing clinical trials will focus on assessing the clinical benefits of antispike neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 patients.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Immunology

COVID-19 convalescent plasma composition and immunological effects in severe patients

Yeny Acosta-Ampudia et al.

Summary: Convalescent plasma treatment for severe COVID-19 patients showed improvement in immune response and metabolic status, suggesting promising therapeutic implications for further studies.

JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY (2021)

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Review Microbiology

SARS-CoV-2, the pandemic coronavirus: Molecular and structural insights

Swapnil B. Kadam et al.

Summary: The outbreak of COVID-19 marked the third spillover of an animal coronavirus to humans in the last 20 years, likely originating from bats and possibly transmitted to humans via unknown intermediate host (potentially a pangolin). The causative pathogen, SARS-CoV-2, shares genetic similarities with bat and pangolin coronaviruses in terms of protein structure and genome, suggesting a zoonotic origin.

JOURNAL OF BASIC MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Casirivimab/Imdevimab: First Approval

Emma D. Deeks

Summary: Casirivimab/imdevimab is a combination drug approved for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in several countries, including the USA, India, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, and the UK, with emergency use authorizations or conditional approvals granted for its use.

DRUGS (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Regdanvimab: First Approval

Yahiya Y. Syed

Summary: Regdanvimab, a recombinant human monoclonal antibody targeting SARS-CoV-2, has received full approval in South Korea for treating COVID-19, particularly in elderly patients with underlying medical conditions and patients with mild to moderate symptoms.

DRUGS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Repurposed Tocilizumab in Patients with Severe COVID-19

Jianbo Tian et al.

Summary: This study found that tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19 patients can lower the risk of in-hospital death and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Patients had heightened inflammation and dysregulated immune cells before treatment, but these indicators improved after tocilizumab administration.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Hypothesis: Alpha-1-antitrypsin is a promising treatment option for COVID-19

Xiyuan Bai et al.

Summary: AAT shows promise as a potential treatment for COVID-19 due to its ability to inhibit viral enzymes, possess antiviral activity, anti-inflammatory properties, anti-coagulation effects, and reduce cell damage in pathological processes.

MEDICAL HYPOTHESES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Baricitinib plus Remdesivir for Hospitalized Adults with Covid-19

A. C. Kalil et al.

Summary: Combination treatment with baricitinib plus remdesivir was superior to remdesivir alone in reducing recovery time and accelerating improvement in clinical status among patients with Covid-19, notably among those receiving high-flow oxygen or noninvasive ventilation. The combination was associated with fewer serious adverse events.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody for Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19

Summary: In a platform trial involving patients hospitalized with Covid-19, among 314 patients who were also being treated with remdesivir, those who received the monoclonal antibody LY-CoV555 did not have better pulmonary function at day 5 than those who received placebo. The trial was stopped for futility.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody LY-CoV555 in Outpatients with Covid-19

Peter Chen et al.

Summary: LY-CoV555, a neutralizing antibody, showed promising results in reducing viral load, improving symptoms, and lowering the risk of hospitalization among patients with mild or moderate Covid-19. While one of the doses appeared to accelerate the decline in viral load, others did not show significant effects by day 11.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A therapeutic neutralizing antibody targeting receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

Cheolmin Kim et al.

Summary: A human monoclonal antibody called CT-P59 has been shown to effectively neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate significant therapeutic effects in animal models, making it a promising candidate for COVID-19 treatment.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Demographic risk factors for COVID-19 infection, severity, ICU admission and death: a meta-analysis of 59 studies

Bart G. Pijls et al.

Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis showed that men and patients aged 70 and above have a higher risk for COVID-19 infection, severe disease, ICU admission, and death. The study included 59 studies comprising 36,470 patients, with men having a higher risk for infection and severe disease, while patients aged 70 and above having a higher risk for all outcomes once infected.

BMJ OPEN (2021)

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Review Surgery

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of venous thromboembolic events in novel coronavirus disease-2019 patients

Rui Zhang et al.

Summary: Venous thromboembolism is common in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, especially among ICU patients. Screening tests for PE and DVT can significantly improve detection rates in both ICU and non-ICU patients with COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY-VENOUS AND LYMPHATIC DISORDERS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Comprehensive mapping of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain that affect recognition by polyclonal human plasma antibodies

Allison J. Greaney et al.

Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 may impact the recognition of the virus by human antibody-mediated immunity, with mutations affecting antibody binding varying significantly among individuals and within the same individual over time. Despite this variability, mutations that greatly reduce antibody binding usually occur at specific sites in the RBD, with E484 being the most crucial. These findings can inform surveillance efforts for SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the future.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Monoclonal antibodies for treating COVID-19

Andrea M. Pallotta et al.

CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Discovery, Development, and Patent Trends on Molnupiravir: A Prospective Oral Treatment for COVID-19

Mohd Imran et al.

Summary: Molnupiravir, developed initially for influenza treatment, has shown promising activity against various viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. With good safety profile and oral bioavailability, it is currently in development for treating COVID-19 and expected to be available in an oral dosage form in 2022. Patent data suggests potential combinations with other drugs to enhance efficacy.

MOLECULES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Managing COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: navigating unprecedented challenges

Ralley E. Prentice et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant challenges in healthcare provision, particularly in managing comorbid cases such as IBD and COVID-19. Effectively managing these patients becomes crucial in such circumstances.

INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Immunology

Safety and efficacy of Favipiravir in moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia

Masoud Solaymani-Dodaran et al.

Summary: The study found that adding Favipiravir to the treatment protocol did not reduce ICU admissions, intubations, or in-hospital mortality compared to the Lopinavir/Ritonavir regimen. There were also no significant differences in time to clinical recovery and length of hospital stay between the two treatment groups.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Efficacy and safety of favipiravir, an oral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, in mild-to-moderate COVID-19: A randomized, comparative, open-label, multicenter, phase 3 clinical trial

Zarir F. Udwadia et al.

Summary: The study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of favipiravir in adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Results showed a significant improvement in time to clinical cure with favipiravir, although there was no statistically significant difference in viral shedding cessation time.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Potential immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in the prevention of severe coronavirus disease 2019: An ally for Latin America (Review)

Francisco Javier Turrubiates-Hernandez et al.

Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has limited effective therapies, leading to the need for novel treatment options. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with poor prognosis of COVID-19, indicating a potential role for vitamin D supplementation in prevention. Latin America, with unknown prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, may benefit from vitamin D recommendations for COVID-19 prevention.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Monoclonal Antibodies for COVID-19

Elizabeth C. Lloyd et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

REGEN-COV Antibody Combination and Outcomes in Outpatients with Covid-19

D. M. Weinreich et al.

Summary: REGEN-COV reduced the risk of Covid-19-related hospitalization or death, resolved symptoms, and reduced the SARS-CoV-2 viral load more rapidly than the placebo.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Early Treatment for Covid-19 with SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Sotrovimab

Anil Gupta et al.

Summary: In this study, among nonhospitalized patients with symptomatic Covid-19, sotrovimab treatment significantly reduced the risk of disease progression leading to hospitalization or death compared to placebo. Patients receiving sotrovimab also had a lower rate of serious adverse events.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Virology

Effect of a combination of nitazoxanide, ribavirin, and ivermectin plus zinc supplement (MANS.NRIZ study) on the clearance of mild COVID-19

Hatem Elalfy et al.

Summary: This study compared the rate and time of viral clearance in patients receiving different treatments and found that patients in the combined antiviral group had a higher clearance rate.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Virology

The role of teicoplanin in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A retrospective study in critically ill COVID-19 patients (Tei-COVID study)

Giancarlo Ceccarelli et al.

Summary: Although teicoplanin has shown potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, it did not significantly improve outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients in this study. Mortality rates and ICU stay lengths between the teicoplanin-treated group and control group showed slight differences, with more pronounced reductions in C-reactive protein levels in the teicoplanin group.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Antibody resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and B.1.1.7

Pengfei Wang et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had global repercussions, with promising vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies. However, newly detected variants of SARS-CoV-2 present challenges to these treatment options.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonists in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19

Anthony C. Gordon et al.

Summary: Interleukin-6 receptor antagonists tocilizumab and sarilumab were found to improve outcomes, including survival, in critically ill patients with Covid-19 receiving organ support in ICUs according to an ongoing international trial. The efficacy of these treatments has been confirmed, with patients benefiting from the therapy.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Serum Neutralizing Activity Elicited by mRNA-1273 Vaccine

Kai Wu et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Methylprednisolone in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia An open-label randomized trial (GLUCOCOVID)

Luis Corral-Gudino et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether methylprednisolone improves outcomes in severe COVID-19 patients. Results showed that patients on methylprednisolone had a significantly lower risk of experiencing the composite endpoint in the per protocol analysis. However, the planned sample size was not achieved, cautioning interpretation of the results.

WIENER KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 D614G spike mutation increases entry efficiency with enhanced ACE2-binding affinity

Seiya Ozono et al.

Summary: The naturally occurring mutations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can affect cell entry, with the D614G mutation resulting in increased cell entry and maintaining susceptibility to neutralization by antisera against prototypic viruses. Further global surveillance is needed to understand the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 among humans.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Vitamin D and covid-19 Benefits are possible but evidence is sparse, indirect, and inconclusive

Karani S. Vimaleswaran et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

JAK Inhibitors and Modulation of B Cell Immune Responses in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rita A. Moura et al.

Summary: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease with B cells playing crucial roles in its pathogenesis, while Janus kinase inhibitors have emerged as a new class of oral medications approved for its treatment. These JAK inhibitors interfere with B cell functions and have shown promising results in clinical trials and studies.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Critical Care Medicine

Therapeutic Application of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in COVID-19

Nadine Krueger et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Methylprednisolone or dexamethasone, which one is superior corticosteroid in the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial

Keivan Ranjbar et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that methylprednisolone was more effective than dexamethasone in hospitalized hypoxic COVID-19 patients, with better clinical status, shorter hospital stay, and lower need for a ventilator in the intervention group.

BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Protease targeted COVID-19 drug discovery: What we have learned from the past SARS-CoV inhibitors?

Sk Abdul Amin et al.

Summary: The similarities between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have inspired researchers to investigate SARS-CoV proteases for potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. By utilizing fragment-based drug design techniques, molecular fragments from previous SARS-CoV protease inhibitors can guide the discovery of COVID-19 drugs effectively. This study provides strategic options for lead optimization in the discovery of effective antiviral agents against COVID-19.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Letter Critical Care Medicine

Camostat mesylate therapy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Yasser Sakr et al.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

The Effect of Anakinra in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Konstantinos G. Kyriakoulis et al.

Summary: Immunomodulatory agent anakinra has shown significant clinical benefits in treating hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and hyperinflammation. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis found that anakinra may have a beneficial role in the treatment of selected COVID-19 patients, although the evidence is mainly based on observational studies.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

LB11. Preliminary Findings from a HIV Self-Testing Program among People Who Use Drugs

Michelle Rose et al.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases (2021)

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Article Immunology

β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Through Lethal Mutagenesis But Is Also Mutagenic To Mammalian Cells

Shuntai Zhou et al.

Summary: Mutagenic ribonucleosides can serve as broad-spectrum antiviral agents, but may pose risks to the host due to their host mutagenic activity in addition to antiviral activity.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Obbina Abani et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Teicoplanin-A New Use for an Old Drug in the COVID-19 Era?

Vladimir Vimberg

Summary: Teicoplanin has been actively used in medical practice since 1986 to treat serious Gram-positive bacterial infections. In addition to its antibacterial activity, teicoplanin has also shown antiviral activity against RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV2. Due to its low cytotoxicity and demonstrated efficacy, teicoplanin could become a drug of choice in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.

PHARMACEUTICALS (2021)

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Review Peripheral Vascular Disease

Venous thromboembolism in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Anastasios Kollias et al.

Summary: Severe COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of VTE, with higher prevalence in patients with higher D-dimer levels and a higher percentage of ICU patients. The pooled odds ratio for death in COVID-19 patients with VTE versus those without VTE was 2.1, indicating a higher mortality risk. Preventive anticoagulation therapy should be investigated further for individualized VTE risk assessment in COVID-19 patients.

VASCULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits TMPRSS2 protease activity and SARS-CoV-2 infection

Lukas Wettstein et al.

Summary: This study identifies alpha (1)-antitrypsin (alpha (1)AT) as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 entry by binding and inactivating the serine protease TMPRSS2, which primes the virus spike protein for membrane fusion. Alpha (1)AT suppresses viral replication and may have therapeutic potential for COVID-19 treatment.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Review Urology & Nephrology

Pharmacological Treatment Options for Coronavirus Disease-19 in Renal Patients

Jonny et al.

Summary: A specific guideline for managing COVID-19 in patients with chronic kidney disease has not been established, necessitating dosage adjustments based on renal function and close monitoring of drug side effects to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. Further studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of these drugs in renal patients.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for COVID-19 treatment and prevention

Juan Pablo Jaworski

Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused unprecedented global health and economic crises. Various vaccine approaches and repurposed drugs are being evaluated, while nMAbs targeting the virus spike glycoprotein show promise. Large-scale production and high costs are key limitations for their clinical use. Collaboration, rapid development, safety evaluation, and production planning are crucial for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Lopinavir/ritonavir: Repurposing an old drug for HIV infection in COVID-19 treatment

Paola Magro et al.

Summary: Despite the lack of clear benefits observed with Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) treatment for COVID-19, its efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection deserves further evaluation.

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of XAV-19, a Swine Glyco-humanized Polyclonal Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody, for COVID-19-Related Moderate Pneumonia: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase IIa Study

Benjamin Gaborit et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and safety of XAV-19 in COVID-19 patients, with results showing that a single intravenous dose of 2 mg/kg of XAV-19 demonstrated high serum concentrations and good tolerability.

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2021)

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Article

Pharmacotherapy of COVID-19: Considerations for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Amirreza Naseri et al.

Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Cancer Research (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Safety, Virologic Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of CT-P59, a Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Protein: Two Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase I Studies in Healthy Individuals and Patients With Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Jin Yong Kim et al.

Summary: CT-P59, a SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibody, showed potential in reducing viral titers, shortening recovery time, and improving clinical symptoms based on two studies.

CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS (2021)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS-CoV2 patients on hemodialysis

Shaji Sajmi et al.

Summary: This study found that therapy with convalescent plasma does not provide any clinical benefit in moderate-to-severe SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis.

HEMODIALYSIS INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine for critically ill patients with COVID-19: REMAP-CAP randomized controlled trial

Yaseen M. Arabi et al.

Summary: Among critically ill patients with COVID-19, lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, or combination therapy worsened outcomes compared to no antiviral therapy.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Immunology

The role of vitamin D in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection: An update

Mohammad Shah Alam et al.

Summary: Vitamin D has been found to reduce the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection by boosting the immune system. Better understanding the mechanisms of the disease and the effects of vitamin D on COVID-19 severity will ultimately lead to more effective prevention and control of this global pandemic.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Favipiravir in the treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2 RNA recurrent positive after discharge: A multicenter, open-label, randomized trial

Hong Zhao et al.

Summary: The study showed that favipiravir was effective and safe in treating patients with recurrent positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Patients treated with favipiravir had a significantly shorter duration of viral shedding and decreased inflammatory markers. Further large-scale, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Can treatment with teicoplanin improve the prognosis of COVID-19 patients?

Zehra Yasar et al.

Summary: The study found that teicoplanin treatment is significantly associated with lower mortality rates in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, with no significant adverse reactions observed. Further clinical investigations are needed to verify the role of teicoplanin in COVID-19 patients.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE (2021)

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Article Oncology

The janus-kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib in SARS-CoV-2 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Andreas Neubauer et al.

Summary: The study showed that the use of ruxolitinib in ARDS patients induced by COVID-19 may be feasible and effective. Early initiation of ruxolitinib was associated with better outcomes.

LEUKEMIA (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Convalescent plasma for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: an open-label, randomized controlled trial

Philippe Begin et al.

Summary: Convalescent plasma did not reduce the risk of intubation or death at 30 days in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Transfusion of convalescent plasma with unfavorable antibody profiles could be associated with worse clinical outcomes compared to standard care.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Bamlanivimab plus Etesevimab in Mild or Moderate Covid-19

M. Dougan et al.

Summary: In this phase 3 trial, the combination of bamlanivimab plus etesevimab was found to reduce the incidence of Covid-19-related hospitalization and death among high-risk ambulatory patients compared to placebo, and also accelerated the decline in SARS-CoV-2 viral load.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Tofacitinib in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19 Pneumonia

Patricia O. Guimaraes et al.

Summary: Among patients hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, tofacitinib led to a lower risk of death or respiratory failure through day 28 than placebo. The mortality rate was lower in the tofacitinib group within 28 days. However, the rate of serious adverse events was similar in both groups.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Subcutaneous REGEN-COV Antibody Combination to Prevent Covid-19

M. P. O'Brien et al.

Summary: The study indicates that subcutaneous REGEN-COV can effectively prevent severe Covid-19 and reduce the duration of symptoms in individuals at high risk for infection due to household exposure to confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Dexamethasone vs methylprednisolone high dose for Covid-19 pneumonia

Miguel Alejandro Pinzon et al.

Summary: The study compared the clinical outcomes and laboratory results of hospitalized patients with severe SARS-CoV2 pneumonia treated with 6 mg dexamethasone versus high-dose methylprednisolone. The high-dose methylprednisolone treatment significantly decreased recovery time, need for ICU transfer, and levels of inflammatory markers CRP, D-dimer, and LDH compared to 6 mg dexamethasone treatment. Randomized controlled trials are needed to further confirm the effectiveness of methylprednisolone in COVID-19 treatment.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Tofacitinib reduces mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 Tofacitinib in COVID-19

Roman Maslennikov et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in managing cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19. Results showed lower mortality and intensive care unit admission rates in the tofacitinib group compared to the control group, with improvements in lung volume, oxygen saturation, and CRP levels in the tofacitinib group.

PULMONARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

B.1.526 SARS-CoV-2 Variants Identified in New York City are Neutralized by Vaccine-Elicited and Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies

Hao Zhou et al.

Summary: A new SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.526 has been identified in New York City and is spreading rapidly, but current evidence suggests that vaccine-elicited antibodies and Regeneron therapeutic monoclonal antibodies remain effective in combating the B.1.526 variant.

MBIO (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Host Serine Proteases: A Potential Targeted Therapy for COVID-19 and Influenza

Yalda Rahbar Saadat et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the limited therapeutic options for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infections, indicating a need for additional therapeutic targets. The S glycoprotein of the virus can enter host cells through endosomal and non-endosomal pathways, where it is activated by host proteases like furin and TMPRSS2. Targeted inhibition of host proteases may be used as a therapeutic approach for viral infections.

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES (2021)

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Review Health Care Sciences & Services

Dexamethasone in the Treatment of COVID-19: Primus Inter Pares?

Vasiliki Romanou et al.

Summary: COVID-19 severity and clinical outcomes are associated with dysregulated antiviral immunity and enhanced systemic inflammation. Corticosteroids like dexamethasone are used to reduce lung inflammation and inflammation-induced lung injury, with wide anti-inflammatory action. However, the optimal timing, dosing, and duration of corticosteroid treatment for COVID-19 patients remain uncertain.

JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Potential Adverse Effects of Dexamethasone Therapy on COVID-19 Patients: Review and Recommendations

Fei Chen et al.

Summary: Dexamethasone is the first and crucial therapeutic agent that significantly reduces the risk of death in severe COVID-19 patients, alleviating SARS-CoV-2-induced complications but also posing significant adverse effects later in life. While necessary for critical patients, its potential harms cannot be overlooked, necessitating further research and clinical trials.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY (2021)

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Article Immunology

XAV-19, a Swine Glyco-Humanized Polyclonal Antibody Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain, Targets Multiple Epitopes and Broadly Neutralizes Variants

Bernard Vanhove et al.

Summary: Amino acid substitutions and deletions in the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants can reduce the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies, while polyclonal antibodies like XAV-19 show potential for maintaining neutralization capacities by targeting multiple epitopes. XAV-19, a swine glyco-humanized polyclonal neutralizing antibody, demonstrates potent neutralization capacities against different variants of SARS-CoV-2, covering various epitopes on the RBD region. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the efficacy and safety of XAV-19 in COVID-19 patients with promising results.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and immunogenicity of MW33: a Phase 1 clinical study of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD-targeting monoclonal antibody

Xianmin Meng et al.

Summary: The study showed that MW33 was well-tolerated with linear PK in healthy subjects, and had a lower positive rate of serum ADAs and antibody titres.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2021)

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Review Infectious Diseases

A mini-review on sofosbuvir and daclatasvir treatment in coronavirus disease 2019

M. Shabani et al.

Summary: Studies have shown that sofosbuvir and daclatasvir can effectively inhibit Hepatitis C and have potential in treating patients with coronavirus disease. They may have a positive impact on the recovery of COVID-19 patients.

NEW MICROBES AND NEW INFECTIONS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of the TMPRSS2 inhibitor camostat mesilate in patients hospitalized with Covid-19-a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Jesper D. Gunst et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the TMPRSS2 inhibitor camostat mesilate in Covid-19 patients through a randomized controlled trial. The results showed that camostat mesilate treatment did not prolong time to clinical improvement and did not increase the occurrence of adverse events.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Vitamin D Status in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Jose L. Hernandez et al.

Summary: The study found that hospitalized COVID-19 patients have significantly lower serum 25OHD levels than population-based controls, and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is higher in COVID-19 patients. However, no relationship was found between vitamin D concentrations or deficiency and the severity of the disease at this time.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

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Review Immunology

A review: Mechanism of action of antiviral drugs

Shamaila Kausar et al.

Summary: Antiviral drugs are a class of medicines used to treat viral infections, with strategies focusing on targeting the viruses themselves or host cell factors. Viruses can cause various serious diseases in humans, animals, and plants, and the action mechanism of antiviral drugs includes inhibiting viral nucleic acid synthesis and enhancing cell resistance to viruses.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Pulse steroid treatment for hospitalized adults with COVID-19

Ayse Batirel et al.

Summary: Pulse-steroid treatment showed shorter ICU stay and similar outcomes to high-dose steroid treatment for COVID-19 patients who do not respond to initial therapy.

TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Coronavirus biology and replication: implications for SARS-CoV-2

Philip V'kovski et al.

Summary: This review discusses key aspects of coronavirus biology and their implications for SARS-CoV-2 infections, treatment, and prevention strategies. Understanding virus-host interactions at the molecular level is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies. Summarizing the discoveries of SARS-CoV-2 infection and comparing it with other coronaviruses will support future preparedness and combat strategies.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Efficacy of favipiravir for an end stage renal disease patient on maintenance hemodialysis infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019

Eri Koshi et al.

Summary: This case report discusses the successful use of favipiravir in treating a patient with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis who had COVID-19. The patient recovered gradually and was extubated once the viral load fell below the limit of detection. Favipiravir may be an effective treatment option for COVID-19-infected patients with ESRD.

CEN CASE REPORTS (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Akt Pathway Inhibitors

Nne E. Uko et al.

CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Is COVID-19 receiving ADE from other coronaviruses?

Jason A. Tetro

MICROBES AND INFECTION (2020)

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Article Rheumatology

Baricitinib exposure during pregnancy in rheumatoid arthritis

Giulia Costanzo et al.

THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE (2020)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Editorial: low population mortality from COVID-19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity

Jonathan M. Rhodes et al.

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2020)

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Letter Immunology

Human monoclonal antibodies block the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor

Xiangyu Chen et al.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

COVID-19: Pathogenesis, cytokine storm and therapeutic potential of interferons

Shivraj Hariram Nile et al.

CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Camostat mesilate therapy for COVID-19

Yoshiharu Uno

INTERNAL AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE (2020)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Is teicoplanin a complementary treatment option for COVID-19? The question remains

Giancarlo Ceccarelli et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Colchicine's effects on metabolic and inflammatory molecules in adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome: results from a pilot randomized controlled trial

Andrew P. Demidowich et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY (2020)

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Article Hematology

Long-term efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib versus best available therapy in polycythaemia vera (RESPONSE): 5-year follow up of a phase 3 study

Jean-Jacques Kiladjian et al.

LANCET HAEMATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Allergy

Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial

Yang Cao et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Editorial Material Medicine, Research & Experimental

SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging

Savannah F. Pedersen et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

Evan M. Bloch et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients

Kai Duan et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Zhaohai Zheng et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A noncompeting pair of human neutralizing antibodies block COVID-19 virus binding to its receptor ACE2

Yan Wu et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Review Virology

Novel coronavirus treatment with ribavirin: Groundwork for an evaluation concerning COVID-19

Jahan S. Khalili et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2020)

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Editorial Material Virology

COVID-19: Consider IL-6 receptor antagonist for the therapy of cytokine storm syndrome in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients

Chiranjib Chakraborty et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2020)

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Review Virology

Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19

Yuefei Jin et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2020)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Are Lower in Patients with Positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2

Antonio D'Avolio et al.

NUTRIENTS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Roles of PI3K pan-inhibitors and PI3K-δ inhibitors in allergic lung inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jong Seung Kim et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Letter Hematology

ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19: A comment

Christopher D. Barrett et al.

JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir-ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial

Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial

Yeming Wang et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression

Puja Mehta et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Article Immunology

Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Bo Diao et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System A Review

Mohammad Madjid et al.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Impact of immune enhancement on Covid-19 polyclonal hyperimmune globulin therapy and vaccine development

Ruklanthi de Alwis et al.

EBIOMEDICINE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection

Bin Ju et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cross-neutralization ofSARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody

Dora Pinto et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Remdesivir for 5 or 10 Days in Patients with Severe Covid-19

Jason D. Goldman et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19

B. Cao et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Remdesivir: Review of Pharmacology, Pre-clinical Data, and Emerging Clinical Experience for COVID-19

Sarah C. J. Jorgensen et al.

PHARMACOTHERAPY (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

COVID-19 fatalities, latitude, sunlight, and vitamin D

Paul B. Whittemore

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL (2020)

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Article Pathology

Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients with Convalescent Plasma Reveals a Signal of Significantly Decreased Mortality

Eric Salazar et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Potential role of statins in COVID-19

Ken Cheah Hooi Lee et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

SARS-CoV-2 clearance in COVID-19 patients with Novaferon treatment: A randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial

Fang Zheng et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Review Immunology

Immunomodulatory Drugs in the Management of SARS-CoV-2

Daniel R. Burrage et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses

Muhammad Adnan Shereen et al.

JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Early safety indicators of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 5000 patients

Michael J. Joyner et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model

Thomas F. Rogers et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Respiratory System

Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse as a treatment for hospitalised severe COVID-19 patients: results from a randomised controlled clinical trial

Maryam Edalatifard et al.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Immunology

Baricitinib, a drug with potential effect to prevent SARS-COV-2 from entering target cells and control cytokine storm induced by COVID-19

Xiuhong Zhang et al.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Dexamethasone on Days Alive and Ventilator-Free in Patients With Moderate or Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19 The CoDEX Randomized Clinical Trial

Bruno M. Tomazini et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Sofosbuvir and daclatasvir compared with standard of care in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with moderate or severe coronavirus infection (COVID-19): a randomized controlled trial

Anahita Sadeghi et al.

JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

The impact of sofosbuvir/daclatasvir or ribavirin in patients with severe COVID-19

Gholamali Eslami et al.

JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: A pilot randomized clinical study

Marta Entrenas Castillo et al.

JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Lopinavir-ritonavir in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Peter W. Horby et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19

John H. Stone et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates associated with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels

Harvey W. Kaufman et al.

PLOS ONE (2020)

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Review Immunology

Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Pathogenesis

Andrew G. Harrison et al.

TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Immunology

PI3Kδ Inhibition as a Potential Therapeutic Target in COVID-19

Giuseppe Palma et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Current status of antivirals and druggable targets of SARS CoV-2 and other human pathogenic coronaviruses

Anna Artese et al.

DRUG RESISTANCE UPDATES (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Fluvoxamine vs Placebo and Clinical Deterioration in Outpatients With Symptomatic COVID-19 A Randomized Clinical Trial

Eric J. Lenze et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Cytokine Storm

David C. Fajgenbaum et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Immunology

SARS-CoV-2: Structure, Biology, and Structure-Based Therapeutics Development

Mei-Yue Wang et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin for COVID-19 Treatment: Dual Role in Antiviral Infection and Anti-Inflammation

Chengliang Yang et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Review Immunology

Why will it never be known if convalescent plasma is effective for COVID-19

Manuel Rojas et al.

JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL AUTOIMMUNITY (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Baricitinib restrains the immune dysregulation in patients with severe COVID-19

Vincenzo Bronte et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Characterization of neutralizing antibody with prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus monkeys

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Insights into antiviral mechanisms of remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir and chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine affecting the new SARS-CoV-2

Katya Uzunova et al.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2020)

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Escape from neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants

Yiska Weisblum et al.

ELIFE (2020)

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Letter Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Sofosbuvir for COVID-19 infection: A potential candidate

Rohit Gupta et al.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Remdesivir in COVID-19: A critical review of pharmacology, pre-clinical and clinical studies

Awadhesh Kumar Singh et al.

DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS (2020)

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Review Immunology

The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention

Matthew Zirui Tay et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies: clinical pipeline

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MABS (2020)

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Article Rheumatology

Safety Profile of Baricitinib in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis with over 2 Years Median Time in Treatment

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JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY (2019)

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Review Hematology

Prevention of transfusion-transmitted infections

Michael P. Busch et al.

BLOOD (2019)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Single-centre retrospective observational study comparing trough blood concentration and safety of teicoplanin formulations

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JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2019)

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Review Hematology

Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload: A Clinical Perspective

Joachim J. Bosboom et al.

TRANSFUSION MEDICINE REVIEWS (2019)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Influenza virus polymerase inhibitors in clinical development

Frederick G. Hayden et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

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Editorial Material Hematology

A consensus redefinition of transfusion-related acute lung injury

Alexander P. J. Vlaar et al.

TRANSFUSION (2019)

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Review Immunology

Conceptual Approaches to Modulating Antibody Effector Functions and Circulation Half-Life

Kevin O. Saunders

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Molecular Mechanism for Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Coronavirus Entry

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JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2019)

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Article Rheumatology

Cardiovascular Safety During Treatment With Baricitinib in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Peter C. Taylor et al.

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY (2019)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis demonstrate similar profiles of in vitro cytokine receptor inhibition

Martin E. Dowty et al.

PHARMACOLOGY RESEARCH & PERSPECTIVES (2019)

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Review Immunology

Fc-Mediated Antibody Effector Functions During Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and Disease

Elisabeth A. van Erp et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Challenges of convalescent plasma infusion therapy in Middle East respiratory coronavirus infection: a single centre experience

Jae-Hoon Ko et al.

ANTIVIRAL THERAPY (2018)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Daclatasvir: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacokinetics

Yash Gandhi et al.

CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS (2018)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Colchicine Therapy and Plaque Stabilization in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome A CT Coronary Angiography Study

Kaivan Vaidya et al.

JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2018)

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Article Immunology

Janus Kinase inhibitor Baricitinib Modulates human innate and adaptive immune system

Satoshi Kubo et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences

Michael F Holick et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION (2018)

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Article Rheumatology

Characterization and Changes of Lymphocyte Subsets in Baricitinib-Treated Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis An Integrated Analysis

Yoshiya Tanaka et al.

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY (2018)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Vitamin D Toxicity-A Clinical Perspective

Ewa Marcinowska-Suchowierska et al.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2018)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Safety and efficacy of statin therapy

Bhavin B. Adhyaru et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY (2018)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Vitamin D: Nutrient, Hormone, and Immunomodulator

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NUTRIENTS (2018)

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Review Chemistry, Organic

Targeting heparin and heparan sulfate protein interactions

Ryan J. Weiss et al.

ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY (2017)

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Update on colchicine, 2017

Anastasia Slobodnick et al.

RHEUMATOLOGY (2017)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

JAK-inhibitor tofacitinib suppresses interferon alfa production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and inhibits arthrogenic and antiviral effects of interferon alfa

Patrick P. C. Boor et al.

TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH (2017)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Tofacitinib: A Review in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Sohita Dhillon

DRUGS (2017)

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Article Oncology

Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy and Memory of Tumor-Specific CD8 T Cells by Ex Vivo PI3K-δ Inhibition

Rasha Abu Eid et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2017)

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Article Oncology

Differential PI3Kδ Signaling in CD4+ T-cell Subsets Enables Selective Targeting of T Regulatory Cells to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy

Shamim Ahmad et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2017)

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Editorial Material Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Sofosbuvir and daclatasvir

Marleen H. M. Hessel et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2016)

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Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Vitamin D receptor 2016: novel ligands and structural insights

Miguel A. Maestro et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC PATENTS (2016)

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Review Rheumatology

Tocilizumab use in pregnancy: Analysis of a global safety database including data from clinical trials and post-marketing data

Maria Hoeltzenbein et al.

SEMINARS IN ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM (2016)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Family-wide Structural Analysis of Human Numb-Associated Protein Kinases

Fiona J. Sorrell et al.

STRUCTURE (2016)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Evaluating the efficacy of dexamethasone in the treatment of patients with persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Jesus Villar et al.

TRIALS (2016)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Ribavirin: Past, present and future

Veronique Loustaud-Ratti et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2016)

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Meeting Abstract Gastroenterology & Hepatology

THE IMPACTS OF BASELINE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HEPATITIS B VIRUS MUTATIONS ON CURATIVE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B TREATED WITH NOVAFERON

W. Daxian et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2015)

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Review Rheumatology

Colchicine-Update on mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses

Ying Ying Leung et al.

SEMINARS IN ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM (2015)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Regulation of the extrarenal CYP27B1-hydroxylase

John S. Adams et al.

JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2014)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Rosuvastatin for Sepsis-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Jonathon D. Truwit et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2014)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Transfusion associated circulatory overload

Naveen Agnihotri et al.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2014)

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Article Microbiology

A Novel Investigational Fc-Modified Humanized Monoclonal Antibody, Motavizumab-YTE, Has an Extended Half-Life in Healthy Adults

Gabriel J. Robbie et al.

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2013)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Vitamin D metabolism, functions and needs: from science to health claims

S. Battault et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Vaccine-induced plasma IgA specific for the C1 region of the HIV-1 envelope blocks binding and effector function of IgG

Georgia D. Tomaras et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Gene Mutation Predisposes to Respiratory Infection and Airway Damage

Ivan Angulo et al.

SCIENCE (2013)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Immune-Correlates Analysis of an HIV-1 Vaccine Efficacy Trial

Barton F. Haynes et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2012)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Human Monoclonal Antibodies against Highly Conserved HR1 and HR2 Domains of the SARS-CoV Spike Protein Are More Broadly Neutralizing

Hatem A. Elshabrawy et al.

PLOS ONE (2012)

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Review Virology

Neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus: target, mechanism of action, and therapeutic potential

Melissa M. Coughlin et al.

REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2012)

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Article Oncology

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity Synapses Form in Mice during Tumor-Specific Antibody Immunotherapy

Pascale Hubert et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2011)

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Article Immunology

Convalescent Plasma Treatment Reduced Mortality in Patients With Severe Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Virus Infection

Ivan F. N. Hung et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2011)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Risk factors and outcome of transfusion-related acute lung injury in the critically ill: A nested case-control study

Alexander P. J. Vlaar et al.

CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2010)

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Review Cell Biology

Vitamin D and the intracrinology of innate immunity

Martin Hewison

MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY (2010)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

The Relationship between Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Vitamin D Status

Ola Engelsen

NUTRIENTS (2010)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Protein therapeutics: A summary and pharmacological classification

Benjamin Leader et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2008)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Failure of T cell homing, reduced CD4/CD8αα intraepithelial lymphocytes, and inflammation in the gut of vitamin D receptor KO mice

Sanhong Yu et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2008)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Transfusion-related acute lung injury in the critically III: Prospective nested case-control study

Ognjen Gajic et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2007)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Treatment with convalescent plasma for influenza A (H5N1) infection

Boping Zhou et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2007)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Saturable uptake of lipophilic amine drugs into isolated hepatocytes: Mechanisms and consequences for quantitative clearance prediction

David Hallifax et al.

DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION (2007)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies

Zhongyu Zhu et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2007)

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Article Immunology

DCs metabolize sunlight-induced vitamin D3 to 'program' T cell attraction to the epidermal chemokine CCL27

Hekla Sigmundsdottir et al.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2007)

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Article Immunology

Antibodies against trimeric S glycoprotein protect hamsters against SARS-CoV challenge despite their capacity to mediate FcγRII- dependent entry into B cells in vitro

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VACCINE (2007)

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Article Anesthesiology

TRALI - Definition, mechanisms, incidence and clinical relevance

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BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH-CLINICAL ANAESTHESIOLOGY (2007)

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Article Immunology

Cutting edge:: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110δ is critical for the function of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells

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JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2006)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Vitamin D and disease prevention with special reference to cardiovascular disease

Armin Zittermann

PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2006)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ attenuates allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in murine asthma model

Kyung S. Lee et al.

FASEB JOURNAL (2006)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong

Y Cheng et al.

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

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JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2004)

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Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2004)

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Mechanisms and implications of phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ in promoting neutrophil trafficking into inflamed tissue

KD Puri et al.

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Divergent roles for p55 and p75 TNF-α receptors in the induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2003)

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Infliximab - A review of its use in the management of rheumatoid arthritis

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Current perspectives on statins

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