Dental Manifestations and Celiac Disease-An Overview

This review summarizes recent investigations on dental manifestations in celiac disease. Particular attention is paid to delayed dental eruption and maturity, dental enamel defects, molar incisor hypomineralization, dental caries, dental plaque, and periodontitis. Most studies confirmed a higher frequency of delayed dental eruption and maturation in children and dental enamel defects in children and adults with celiac disease compared to healthy individuals. The malabsorption of various micronutrients, especially calcium and vitamin D, as well as immunity, is considered the main cause of these conditions. An early diagnosis of celiac disease and introducing a gluten-free diet might prevent the development of these conditions. Otherwise, the damage has already been established, and it is irreversible. Dentists can play an important role in identifying people who may have unrecognized celiac disease and may help prevent its progress and long-term complications. Investigations on dental caries, plaque, and periodontitis in celiac disease are rare and inconsistent; these complaints need further examination.

Automated summary

This review summarizes recent investigations on dental manifestations in celiac disease, including delayed dental eruption and maturity, dental enamel defects, molar incisor hypomineralization, dental caries, dental plaque, and periodontitis. Studies have shown a higher frequency of delayed dental eruption and maturation in children, and dental enamel defects in individuals with celiac disease compared to healthy individuals. Malabsorption of micronutrients and impaired immunity are considered the main causes. Early diagnosis and a gluten-free diet can prevent the development of these conditions. Dentists can play a significant role in identifying unrecognized celiac disease and preventing long-term complications. Research on dental caries, plaque, and periodontitis in celiac disease is lacking and inconsistent, requiring further examination.