Obesity, Inflammation, Growth, and Metabolism: Evolution of Understanding and Evolving Functions of Old and New Peptides

Review Medicine, General & Internal

The Advanced Diabetes Technologies for Reduction of the Frequency of Hypoglycemia and Minimizing the Occurrence of Severe Hypoglycemia in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Tatsuhiko Urakami

Summary: Hypoglycemia is a common acute complication in the management of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, which can affect glycemic outcomes and quality of life. Severe hypoglycemia is associated with cognitive impairment and brain abnormalities, especially in young children. Therefore, reducing the frequency of hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia is crucial. Advanced diabetes technologies, such as continuous glucose monitoring and sensor-augmented insulin pumps, can effectively reduce the occurrence of hypoglycemia without worsening glycemic control. The hybrid closed-loop system, an automated insulin delivery system, shows promise in achieving appropriate glycemic control and preventing severe hypoglycemia for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2023)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical evaluation of patients living with obesity

Laurence J. Dobbie et al.

Summary: Obesity is a significant public health concern with multiple complications. BMI is not always sensitive in diagnosing adiposity, so risk stratification tools have been developed for comprehensive assessment. Effective communication strategies and avoidance of weight-stigmatizing language are important in obesity care. Primary care should promptly identify and initiate treatment, while a holistic approach involving various healthcare professionals is crucial. Detailed evaluation and assessments guide patient management for long-term health improvement.

INTERNAL AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Pediatrics

Skeptical Look at the Clinical Implication of Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood Obesity

Malgorzata Wasniewska et al.

Children-Basel (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Multivariate Analysis of Metabolic Phenotype Patterns in Children and Adolescents with Obesity for the Early Stratification of Patients at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome

Valeria Calcaterra et al.

Summary: This study conducted a multivariate analysis on pediatric patients with obesity and identified a phenotype predictive for metabolic syndrome. Regardless of body weight, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and fat distribution appear to be the strongest risk factors for metabolic syndrome.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Free Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-I in Children with PWS

Layla Damen et al.

Summary: In children with Prader-Willi syndrome receiving GH treatment, high immunoreactive IGF-I levels are often observed, while free IGF-I levels are low, indicating a significant discrepancy between the two.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Impact of Deprivation on Obesity in Children with PWS

Sabrina Grolleau et al.

Summary: Our study evaluated the social deprivation score and its impact on obesity in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). We found that a significant proportion of children with PWS came from deprived families and had a higher risk of obesity. Factors such as age, living in a deprived family, and having a mother with overweight/obesity were associated with increased risk of obesity.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Adipokines, Hepatokines and Myokines: Focus on Their Role and Molecular Mechanisms in Adipose Tissue Inflammation

Yakun Ren et al.

Summary: Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue is a key characteristic of obesity and contributes to various metabolic disorders. This inflammation is regulated by adipokines, hepatokines, and myokines secreted from different organs, which play either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory roles in adipose tissue inflammation. Understanding these organokines and their mechanisms could lead to potential therapeutic targets for obesity-induced inflammation.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evaluation of Circulating Chitotriosidase Activity in Children with Obesity

Ioana Taranu et al.

Summary: Childhood obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation. This study examined the change in chitotriosidase (CHIT1) plasma activity in pediatric patients to understand its underlying pathogenesis. The study found that children with extreme obesity had higher CHIT1 plasma activity. The study also investigated the impact of CHIT1 gene variants on the association between CHIT1 activity and obesity level. The findings suggest that circulating CHIT1 may serve as an indicator of inflammation in children with obesity.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal