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An updated prevalence of asthma, its phenotypes, and the identification of the potential asthma risk factors among young Chinese adults recruited in Singapore

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WORLD ALLERGY ORGANIZATION JOURNAL
卷 16, 期 3, 页码 -

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ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100757

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Asthma; Epidemiology; ISAAC; Prevalence; Risk factors

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The study found that the lifetime asthma prevalence rate among young Chinese adults in Singapore was 19.1%, while the current asthma prevalence rate was 6.3%. Parental history of asthma was identified as the most important risk factor, and increased consumption of certain foods and television/computer usage were also associated with asthma risk. Future research should consider the interaction between various factors to better understand the impact of environment and lifestyle on asthma.
Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway characterized by respiratory symptoms: wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, and chest tightness. Globally, asthma affects over 300 million individuals and carries high morbidity and mortality burden. Previous studies have estimated the prevalence of asthma; however, prevalence estimates have been changing over time. Here, in a population of young Chinese adults from Singapore, we aimed to obtain an updated prevalence of asthma and its phenotypes, and identify potential associated risk factors. Methods: The Singapore/Malaysia Cross-Sectional Genetics Epidemiology Study (SMCGES) is an ongoing study which uses established ISAAC guidelines to collect epidemiological data and in-formation pertaining to allergic diseases such as asthma. Responses from young Chinese adults recruited in the National University of Singapore were analyzed. Results: Lifetime asthma prevalence rate was estimated at 19.1% (2049/10,736), while current asthma prevalence rate was estimated at 6.3% (679/10,736). For ever asthma, the most important risk factor was a parental history of asthma. Increased consumption of pulses (aOR: 0.822, 95% CI: 0.706-0.958) was associated with a lowered odds of ever asthma, but cereals (aOR: 1.256, 95% CI: 1.006-1.580), pasta (aOR: 1.265, 95% CI: 1.027-1.553), butter (aOR: 1.350, 95% CI: 1.113-1.632), and margarine (aOR: 1.343, 95% CI: 1.081-1.660) were associated with a higher risk of ever asthma. Increased television/computer usage was associated with a decreased risk of ever asthma (aOR: 0.448, 95% CI: 0.367-0.545). Conversely, genetic factors had a lower strength of effect on current asthma (parental history of asthma -OR: 1.465, 95% CI: 1.135-1.888) as compared to ever asthma. Only increased potato consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of current asthma (most or all days per week vs never or only occasionally -aOR: 1.577, 95% CI: 1.145-2.180). Physical activity (aOR: 0.693, 95% CI: 0.542-0.885) was associated with a lower odds of asthma, while second-hand smoke exposure was associated with an increased risk for current asthma (aOR: 1.435, 95% CI: 1.001-2.047). Conclusion: Overall, the prevalence of lifetime asthma and current asthma among young Chi-nese adults was 19.1% and 6.3%, higher than that of previous studies. Our results suggested a stronger association between genetic factors and ever asthma as compared to current asthma. Parental asthma was the most important intrinsic epidemiological factor for asthma manifestation, while various foods, physical activity levels, and television or computer usage were also signifi-cantly associated with asthma. Future studies should consider risk factors in conjunction with other accompanying variables given the potential interactions between them, to discern the effects of environment and lifestyle on asthma more distinctly.

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