PI3-kinase deletion promotes myelodysplasia by dysregulating autophagy in hematopoietic stem cells

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal malignancy arising in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The mech-anisms of MDS initiation in HSCs are still poorly understood. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway is frequently activated in acute myeloid leukemia, but in MDS, PI3K/AKT is often down-regulated. To determine whether PI3K down-regulation can perturb HSC function, we generated a triple knockout (TKO) mouse model with Pik3ca, Pik3cb, and Pik3cd deletion in hematopoietic cells. Unexpectedly, PI3K deficiency caused cytopenias, decreased survival, and multilineage dysplasia with chromosomal abnormalities, consistent with MDS initiation. TKO HSCs exhibit impaired autophagy, and pharmacologic autophagy induction improved HSC differentiation. Using intracellular LC3 and P62 flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy, we also observed abnormal autophagic degradation in patient MDS HSCs. Therefore, we have uncovered an impor-tant protective role for PI3K in maintaining autophagic flux in HSCs to preserve the balance between self -renewal and differentiation and to prevent MDS initiation.

Automated summary

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal malignancy in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with poorly understood mechanisms. A study shows that down-regulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway can lead to MDS initiation in HSCs. The study also demonstrates that PI3K plays a protective role in maintaining autophagic flux in HSCs to prevent MDS.