Preparation of ciprofloxacin-loaded oyster shell derived hydroxyapatite composite film for biomedical applications

Osteomyelitis is an acute or chronic bone infection and inflammation caused by pyogenic organisms like bacteria. Treatment includes surgery and intake of antibiotics for a prolonged time. This work aims to provide a novel composite material which is cost-effective and reduces the dosage of antibiotics by implanting at the targeted site to eradicate the disease. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2) extracted from oyster shell is used to improve the biocompatibility of the composite and recycling of the waste shell reduces the environmental pollution. Ciprofloxacin loaded hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite is synthesized and characterized to mimic the natural bone compositions. The prepared composite material is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The XRD results show the prepared HAp is in good agreement with the JCPDS 076-0694 with standard peaks and crystalline structure. FTIR results confirm the presence of hydroxyapatite in both HAp powder and composite film, with the peaks corresponding to the absorption bands of phosphate and hydroxyl functional groups. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA) is carried out to estimate the stability of HAp powder synthesized from oyster shell and film composite at higher temperatures. TGA is analyzed between 0 and 1000 degrees C, and it shows minimal weight loss till 700 degrees C for both HAp powder and composite film. SEM EDS has revealed the surface morphology and the chemical elements to validate the presence of hydroxyapatite, chitosan, and ciprofloxacin in the composite film. In-vitro degradation and drug release results show a sustained degradation and drug release of the film when immersed in the PBS solution. The MTT assay direct method test using L929 cell lines shows good biocompatibility with cell growth for the prepared HAp/chitosan/ciprofloxacin composite film.

Automated summary

This study aims to develop a cost-effective composite material for the treatment of osteomyelitis by reducing the dosage of antibiotics. Hydroxyapatite extracted from oyster shell is used to improve the biocompatibility of the composite, while the recycling of waste shell reduces environmental pollution. The synthesized composite, consisting of ciprofloxacin-loaded hydroxyapatite and chitosan, exhibits good biocompatibility and sustained drug release in vitro. The characterization of the composite material confirms the presence of hydroxyapatite and its stability at higher temperatures.