Control release of ?-mangostin by a novel dual-polysaccharides delivery system for colitis treatment under simulated gastrointestinal conditions

The poor hydrophilia and strong cytotoxicity of alpha-mangostin, a major component of xanthones from pericarps of mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana L.), restrict its application in functional food. To overcome its shortage, a series of alginate/xanthan gum or alginate/kappa-carrageenan hydrogels loaded with alpha-mangostin were fabricated and their anti-inflammatory effects were investigated under gastrointestinal tract (GIT). With the increased concentration of polysaccharides, the release of alpha-mangostin was slower due to denser microstructure and hardness. The digestive profile suggested that the release of alpha-mangostin in 0.3% alginate/0.15% xanthan gum (0.15%X-alpha M), 0.3% alginate/0.2% xanthan gum (0.25%X-alpha M) and 0.3% alginate/0.3% kappa-carrageenan (0.3%C-alpha M) hydrogels were faster than the others. The cytotoxicity of alpha-mangostin loaded in hydrogels was dramatically reduced. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of the three intestinal digestive fluids was still maintained at 71.9% +/- 1.2%, 83.1% +/- 2.0%, and 70.6% +/- 3.3% in LPS-induced Raw246.7 cells. In addition, the three intestinal digestive fluids (50 mu M of alpha-mangostin) showed good inhibition of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1/9) and the expression of iNos and Cox-2 respectively. Given these data, xanthan gum/kappa-carrageenan-alginate composite hydrogels can be a good colonic target delivery system for bioactive compounds, which can be applied in functional foods to improve human health and wellness.

Automated summary

To overcome the limitations of alpha-mangostin, researchers fabricated hydrogels loaded with alpha-mangostin using alginate/xanthan gum or alginate/kappa-carrageenan. By increasing the concentration of polysaccharides, the release of alpha-mangostin was slowed down. The hydrogels containing xanthan gum and kappa-carrageenan showed faster release of alpha-mangostin.