The study of hydroxyapatite growth kinetics on CP-Ti and Ti65Zr treated by Plasma electrolytic oxidation process

The kinetics of hydroxyapatite growth on titanium alloys (CP-Ti and Ti65Zr) was studied. Specimens were treated by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) and immersed into the Hanks' solution. The PEO method was performed at AC mode with the current density of 4 A/dm2 in an electrolyte containing calcium acetate and calcium glycerophosphate, allowing the inclusion of calcium and phosphorus in the obtained oxide layer, which promotes the osseointegration when applied to bone tissue. The treated specimens were immersed in the Hanks' solution with different exposure times, followed by studying changes in morphology, chemical, and phase composition. In addition, the surface wettability was tested, and the corrosion behavior of the treated samples was investigated. Tiny HA crystals can be seen on the surface of CP-Ti samples treated by PEO for 5 and 30 min. The morphology with a distinct layer of HA was obtained for the Ti65Zr sample after 5 min of PEO treatment. As for the immersion times, the highest crystal growth ve-locity was observed for the Ti65Zr of 5 min of PEO and 14 days of immersion. The change in morphology and EIS analysis confirms the observed behavior. Finally, based on the XRD analysis for the Ti65Zr of 5 min PEO treatment samples, the Srilankite phase in an amount of 60% is responsible for the crystal growth, resulting in the best crystal growth velocity and good corrosion properties (Rp 1/4 0.732 MU cm2).(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Automated summary

The kinetics of hydroxyapatite growth on titanium alloys (CP-Ti and Ti65Zr) treated by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) were studied. The surface morphology, chemical and phase composition changes were observed after immersion in Hanks' solution and different exposure times. Tiny HA crystals were observed on the CP-Ti samples after 5 and 30 min of PEO treatment, while a distinct layer of HA was obtained on the Ti65Zr samples after 5 min of PEO treatment. The highest crystal growth velocity was observed for the Ti65Zr samples treated for 5 min of PEO and immersed for 14 days.