期刊
JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES INSTRUMENTS AND SYSTEMS
卷 9, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
DOI: 10.1117/1.JATIS.9.1.016003
关键词
coronagraph; charge coupled device; electron multiplying charge coupled device; instrumentation; photon counting; detector; camera
We developed flight electron multiplying charge coupled devices (EMCCDs) for the photon-counting camera system of a coronagraph instrument (CGI) to be flown on the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. The CGI aims to demonstrate technologies required for high-contrast imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanets, and the camera system plays a crucial role in these demonstrations. We evaluated the low-signal performance of radiation-damaged commercial EMCCD sensors and made targeted radiation hardening modifications to improve their performance. The development resulted in a flight version of the EMCCD with significantly improved low signal performance.
We describe the development of flight electron multiplying charge coupled devices (EMCCDs) for the photon-counting camera system of a coronagraph instrument (CGI) to be flown on the 2.4-m Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Roman is a NASA flagship mission that will study dark energy and dark matter, and search for exoplanets with a planned launch in the mid-2020s. The CGI is intended to demonstrate technologies required for high-contrast imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanets, such as high-speed wavefront sensing and pointing control, adaptive optics with deformable mirrors, and ultralow noise signal detection with photon counting, visible-sensitive (350 to 950 nm) detectors. The camera system is at the heart of these demonstrations and is required to sense both faint and bright targets (10( - 4) - 10(7) counts-s( - 1)) adaptively at up to 1000 frames-s( - 1) to provide the necessary feedback to the instrument control loops. The system includes two identical cameras, one to demonstrate faint light scientific capability, and the other to provide high-speed real-time sensing of instrument pointing disturbances. Our program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena, California, United States) has evaluated the low-signal performance of radiation-damaged commercial EMCCD sensors and used those measurements as a basis for targeted radiation hardening modifications developed in partnership with the Open University (Milton Keynes, United Kingdom) and Teledyne-e2v (Chelmsford, United Kingdom). A pair of EMCCDs with test features was then developed and their low signal performance is reported here. The program has resulted in the development of a flight version of the EMCCD with low signal performance improved by more than a factor of three over the commercial one after exposure to 2.6 x 10(9) protons-cm( - 2) (10 MeV equivalent). The flight EMCCD sensors are contributed by ESA through a contract with Teledyne-e2v (Chelmsford, United Kingdom). We will describe the program requirements, sensor design, test results and metrics used to evaluate photon counting performance.
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