Circadian hormone secretion of enteroendocrine cells: implication on pregnancy status

The timing of food intake is a key cue for circadian rhythms in humans and animals. In response to food intake, gut hormones called incretin are produced by intestinal enteroendocrine cells in a circadian rhythm that stimulates insulin secretion and regulates body weight and energy expenditure. Pregnancy is associated with the expansion of beta cells, the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, and excessive weight gain. The timing of food intake is a good way to address metabolic complications during pregnancy. The current review focuses on the circadian rhythms and biological actions of enteroendocrine hormones and their associations with pregnancy status, specifically topics like food intake and gut circadian rhythms, the circadian secretion of enteroendocrine peptides, and the effects of these factors during pregnancy.

Automated summary

The timing of food intake is crucial for regulating circadian rhythms in humans and animals. Intestinal enteroendocrine cells produce incretin hormones in response to food intake, which stimulate insulin secretion and control body weight and energy expenditure. During pregnancy, the expansion of beta cells, risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, and excessive weight gain can be addressed by timing food intake. This review focuses on the circadian rhythms and biological actions of enteroendocrine hormones, particularly in relation to pregnancy, including food intake, gut circadian rhythms, secretion of enteroendocrine peptides, and their effects during pregnancy.