Functional properties of Sr1-xGdxTiO3 ceramics synthesized by solid state reaction method

Sr1-xGdxTiO3 (0.00 <= x <= 0.11) ceramics by the addition of Gd3+ on A-sites, were processed and fabricated through the conventional sintering method and optimised the sintering temperature at 1390 degrees C-1470 degrees C for 2 h. The experimentation shows that all ceramics are possessed by cubic structure, in which the increment of Gd3+ content, in terms of x, decreases the lattice parameters of the ceramics, as well as affects the grain size. Comparing the results to pure SrTiO3 (STO) compounds, the addition of Gd3+ lowers the mass loss, increased the conductivity as well as permittivity by decreasing the dielectric losses at lower frequencies. The x = 0.03 and 0.01 evidenced the maximum Seeback Coefficient, similar to 281 mu V K-1 at similar to 370 K confirming the higher carrier concentration. Also, the magnetic properties as a function of Gd3+ ions doped with STO showed gradual improvement, showing maximum saturation with the maximum concentration of x.

Automated summary

Sr1-xGdxTiO3 (0.00 <= x <= 0.11) ceramics were processed and fabricated by adding Gd3+ on A-sites, and the sintering temperature was optimized at 1390℃-1470℃ for 2 hours. The ceramics exhibited a cubic structure, and the lattice parameters and grain size were affected by the Gd3+ content. Compared to pure SrTiO3 (STO) compounds, the addition of Gd3+ reduced mass loss, increased conductivity and permittivity, and decreased dielectric losses at lower frequencies. The x = 0.03 and 0.01 compositions showed the maximum Seebeck coefficient, confirming higher carrier concentration. The magnetic properties gradually improved with the Gd3+ doping concentration, reaching maximum saturation at the highest concentration of x.