Closed-Form Implicit Models for Efficient Simulation of Power Electronics

This document describes novel closed-form implicit (CF-implicit) models of switched-mode power converters, which feature implicit integration but require no iterative numerical solving algorithm for evaluation because they are explicitly solved in CF prior to model execution. The derived models capture the large-signal dynamic behavior of the power converters, so their use and accuracy are not limited to any one set of operating conditions. These models can be directly implemented in any computational environment, including directly on an existing embedded controller. Since no iterative solver is required, the models are highly computationally efficient and have a very predictable worst case execution time (WCET), which makes them especially suitable for real-time (RT) modeling applications, such as hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation or digital twins (DTs). The model derivation process is demonstrated by example on a two-stage power converter, and computational expense is analyzed. A discussion of model error is also included.

Automated summary

This paper presents a novel closed-form implicit model for switched-mode power converters, which uses implicit integration but does not require an iterative numerical solving algorithm for evaluation because it is explicitly solved prior to model execution. The derived models accurately capture the large-signal dynamic behavior of the power converters and can be directly implemented in any computational environment, making them highly computationally efficient. Due to the lack of an iterative solver, these models have a predictable worst case execution time (WCET), making them suitable for real-time modeling applications such as hardware-in-the-loop simulation or digital twins. The paper also demonstrates the model derivation process and analyzes the computational expense, as well as discussing model error.