☆ 4.8 Review

Obesity contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma development via immunosuppressive microenvironment remodeling

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Inflamed and non-inflamed classes of HCC: a revised immunogenomic classification

Carla Montironi et al.

Summary: This study characterizes the immunogenomic contexture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and defines inflamed and non-inflamed tumors. Two distinct patterns of CTNNB1 are associated with differential immune evasion and may help predict immune response in HCC.

GUT (2023)

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Article Oncology

Association of Body Mass Index With the Safety Profile of Nivolumab With or Without Ipilimumab

Jennifer L. McQuade et al.

Summary: This study investigated the association between BMI and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) among advanced cancer patients treated with nivolumab monotherapy and nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination therapy. The results showed that obesity is associated with an increased incidence of any-grade irAEs, and specifically, with grade 3 or 4 irAEs among female patients.

JAMA ONCOLOGY (2023)

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Article Oncology

Long-Chain Acylcarnitines Induce Senescence of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Xue Cheng et al.

Summary: CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in liver possess antitumor potential, but administration of iNKT cell-specific agonist a-galactosylceramide (a-GalCer) has failed to achieve tumor regression. In patients with HBV-related HCC, iNKT cells are hyperactivated but show imbalances in ratio and defective a-GalCer responsiveness. The senescent status of iNKT cells is associated with altered lipid metabolism and accumulated long-chain acylcarnitines (LCACs) in tumor tissue. These findings provide insights into iNKT cell dysregulation and suggest new targets for anti-HCC immunotherapies.

CANCER RESEARCH (2023)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Adipocyte-Secreted IL-6 Sensitizes Macrophages to IL-4 Signaling

Danny Luan et al.

Summary: The bidirectional interaction between adipocytes and adipose tissue immune cells is crucial for regulating adipose function, inflammation, and insulin responsiveness. Obesity reduces cAMP-driven IL-6 secretion from adipocytes, but restoring their catecholamine sensitivity can stimulate IL-6 secretion and activate macrophages to promote an anti-inflammatory gene expression pattern.

DIABETES (2023)

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Article Oncology

Lactic acid promotes PD-1 expression in regulatory T cells in highly glycolytic tumor microenvironments

Shogo Kumagai et al.

Summary: In highly glycolytic tumors, regulatory T (Treg) cells have higher PD-1 expression compared to effector T cells. Under low-glucose conditions, Treg cells actively absorb lactic acid through monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), promoting the expression of PD-1, while PD-1 expression by effector T cells is dampened. PD-1 blockade invigorates PD-1-expressing Treg cells, resulting in treatment failure.

CANCER CELL (2022)

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Review Immunology

Diet, lipids, and antitumor immunity

Hannah Prendeville et al.

Summary: Lipids play important roles in tumor growth and metastasis. Understanding the effects of lipid uptake, metabolism, and synthesis on tumor progression and the immunosuppressive effects of lipids in the tumor microenvironment is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies. Additionally, specific dietary regimens may have differential effects on cancer growth when combined with traditional cancer therapies.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Immunology

Metabolic adaptation of lymphocytes in immunity and disease

Nicole M. Chapman et al.

Summary: Adaptive immune responses mediated by T cells and B cells are crucial for protective immunity against pathogens and tumors. Understanding how metabolic plasticity and adaptation dictate functional specialization of immune cells is fundamental to our understanding and therapeutic modulation of the immune system. Extensive progress has been made in characterizing the effects of metabolic networks on immune cell fate and function in different immunological contexts.

IMMUNITY (2022)

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Article Immunology

Suppressive effects of the obese tumor microenvironment on CD8 T cell infiltration and effector function

Lydia Dyck et al.

Summary: Obesity suppresses the activity of CD8 T cells in anti-tumor immunity, and this suppression can be partially reversed by weight loss and immunotherapy.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

FNDC5/Irisin: Physiology and Pathophysiology

Rashid Waseem et al.

Summary: A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of various diseases, while physical exercise reduces these risks. Irisin, a hormone induced by exercise, plays a crucial role in connecting muscles and other tissues and has beneficial effects on fat cells, metabolic processes, bone metabolism, and the nervous system. It also has a role in cancer development and may act via specific integrin receptors. Past research has identified irisin as a potential therapeutic agent for metabolic-related and other diseases.

MOLECULES (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Roles of the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 Axis in the Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy

Zhi-Jian Han et al.

Summary: Interleukin-8 (IL-8 or CXCL8) plays multiple roles within the tumor microenvironment (TME), affecting various components of TME and influencing tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. CXCL8 could be used as a prognostic biomarker and targeting the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis shows promise in improving antitumor efficacy. Understanding the interactions between TME components and the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis is important for developing novel immunotherapy strategies.

MOLECULES (2022)

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Review Oncology

Natural killer cell therapy: A new frontier for obesity-associated cancer

Eimear Mylod et al.

Summary: NK cell-based immunotherapies show promise in the treatment of obesity-associated cancers, but more research is needed. Dysfunctionality of NK cells in obesity-related cancer poses a challenge. CAR-NK cells offer potential as an effective immunotherapeutic approach, but further innovation is required to improve efficacy.

CANCER LETTERS (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Emerging immunotherapy or HCC: A guide for hepatologists

Friedrich Foerster et al.

Summary: HCC is one of the most common and deadliest cancers globally. Immuno-oncology has shown promising results in the treatment of HCC, with immune checkpoint inhibition becoming the first-line therapy for advanced cases. However, challenges remain in determining the role of immunotherapy in earlier stages of HCC and identifying treatment strategies for non-responsive patients.

HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced colitis: A nationwide population-based study

Natalie Farha et al.

Summary: The study found that 3.6% of patients receiving ICIs developed ICI-induced colitis. Factors such as being female, Caucasian, over 65 years old, obese, and having a history of alcohol abuse were associated with a higher likelihood of developing colitis. Patients receiving Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, and Atezolizumab had increased odds of developing colitis.

CLINICS AND RESEARCH IN HEPATOLOGY AND GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Effects of caloric restriction on the gut microbiome are linked with immune senescence

Julia Sbierski-Kind et al.

Summary: Caloric restriction can improve metabolic health, reduce body fat accumulation, and enhance glucose tolerance, while delaying immune senescence by reducing specific cellular immune responses. This suggests that modulation of the gut microbiome could lead to the development of new therapeutic options for metabolic diseases.

MICROBIOME (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Lipid-related FABP5 activation of tumor-associated monocytes fosters immune privilege via PD-L1 expression on Treg cells in hepatocellular carcinoma

Jin Liu et al.

Summary: The accumulation of FABP5 in monocytes/macrophages in the tumor microenvironment promotes immune tolerance formation through metabolic reprogramming and IL-10 expression. Furthermore, elevated FABP5 levels are negatively associated with the overall survival time of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

CANCER GENE THERAPY (2022)

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Review Immunology

B cell contribution to immunometabolic dysfunction and impaired immune responses in obesity

Kristine Oleinika et al.

Summary: Obesity, a major risk factor for various diseases, has tripled worldwide in less than 50 years. Chronic inflammatory response is associated with obesity and B cells play a crucial role in driving obesity-related meta-inflammation. Obesity also affects the ability to respond to and clear infections, leading to more severe complications and poor vaccine responses.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Oncology

Macrophage GSK3β-deficiency inhibits the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and enhances the sensitivity of anti-PD1 immunotherapy

Guangshun Sun et al.

Summary: This study reveals that macrophage GSK3 beta deficiency can inhibit the development of HCC by inhibiting the M2 phenotype and enhance the sensitivity of anti-PD1 immunotherapy for HCC by decreasing PD-L1 ubiquitination. The expression of CD14(+)GSK3 beta(+) in PBMC can noninvasively predict anti-PD1 sensitivity in HCC patients, providing novel strategies to predict anti-PD1 sensitivity, increase anti-PD1 therapeutic effect, and bring new hope for HCC patients.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Tumor metabolite lactate promotes tumorigenesis by modulating MOESIN lactylation and enhancing TGF-? signaling in regulatory T cells

Jian Gu et al.

Summary: The lactate in tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in regulating Treg cells. It can improve Treg cell stability and function, while its degradation reduces Treg cell induction. Lactate modulates Treg cell generation through lactylation of MOESIN, leading to enhanced interaction with TGF-β receptor I and downstream SMAD3 signaling. Combining lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor with anti-PD-1 treatment shows stronger antitumor effects. MOESIN lactylation levels in Treg cells are associated with the response to anti-PD-1 treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

CELL REPORTS (2022)

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Article Immunology

HMGA1 Promotes Macrophage Recruitment via Activation of NF-κB-CCL2 Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Junming Chen et al.

Summary: This study uncovers the mechanism by which HCC cells recruit macrophages into the tumor microenvironment and reveals the crucial role of HMGA1 in macrophage recruitment by activating NF-kappa B-CCL2 signaling. Moreover, it demonstrates that HMGA1-induced HCC aggressiveness depends on macrophages, providing a potential target for therapeutic interventions in HCC.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Oncology

Berberine inhibits carcinogenesis through antagonizing the ATX-LPA-LPAR2-p38-leptin axis in a mouse hepatoma model

Gang Ren et al.

Summary: The study found that berberine reduced the number and volume of visible nodular tumors in inflammation-driven mouse models, and prolonged their overall survival. This anti-cancer effect was achieved by inhibiting the bioactivity of lysophosphatidic acid and suppressing the abnormal expression of leptin through the ATX-LPA-LPAR2-p38-leptin axis.

MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS (2022)

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Review Oncology

Immunotherapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Lights and shadows

Federico Costante et al.

Summary: About one-fourth of adults globally suffer from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is becoming a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the tumor microenvironment (TME) in HCC patients is characterized by complex interactions and immune suppression. Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may not be as effective in patients with NAFLD-related HCC, while the addition of an angiogenesis inhibitor shows better results. Future strategies should consider novel biomarkers and modulation of gut microbiota to improve personalized medicine and response to ICIs in NAFLD-related HCC.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Body mass index, as a novel predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy

Jierong Chen et al.

Summary: This study found that a higher BMI predicts better treatment efficacy and longer progression-free survival in HCC patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Cancer cell-intrinsic XBP1 drives immunosuppressive reprogramming of intratumoral myeloid cells by promoting cholesterol production

Zaili Yang et al.

Summary: A hostile microenvironment in tumor tissues disrupts endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and activates the unfolded protein response. The UPR component X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) in cancer cells promotes the synthesis and secretion of cholesterol, which activates myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and causes immunosuppression. Inhibition of XBP1 or reduction of tumor cholesterol content significantly reduces MDSC abundance and triggers robust anti-tumor responses.

CELL METABOLISM (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Impact of NAFLD on clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib: an international cohort study

Jessica Howell et al.

Summary: This study found that in patients receiving sorafenib treatment, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) did not have an impact on patients' survival and toxicity, and patients with NAFLD-associated HCC derived similar clinical benefit from sorafenib compared with other etiologies.

THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

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Article Immunology

Aberrant cholesterol metabolic signaling impairs antitumor immunosurveillance through natural killer T cell dysfunction in obese liver

Wenshu Tang et al.

Summary: Obesity and hypercholesterolemia are major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. This study found that obesity leads to hepatic cholesterol accumulation, which suppresses natural killer T (NKT) cell-mediated antitumor immunosurveillance. By lowering cholesterol and inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis, the function of NKT cells can be restored to prevent HCC development promoted by obesity.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Carbonic anhydrase XII mediates the survival and prometastatic functions of macrophages in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Wan-Ru Ning et al.

Summary: CA12 plays a critical role in the survival of macrophages in tumor microenvironments and promotes cancer cell metastasis. Targeting CA12 with specific inhibitors can inhibit tumor growth and enhance the efficacy of immune-checkpoint blockade therapy.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatocyte TGF-β Signaling Inhibiting WAT Browning to Promote NAFLD and Obesity Is Associated With Let-7b-5p

Jinfang Zhao et al.

Summary: TGF-beta signaling in hepatocytes promotes steatosis and body weight gain, and its specific role in NAFLD is not fully understood. The study found that hepatocyte TGF-beta signaling can promote obesity and fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and suppressing white-to-beige fat conversion. It was also found that let-7b-5p derived from hepatocyte-secreted exosomes plays an important role in this process.

HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Immunology

HMGA1 Promotes Macrophage Recruitment via Activation of NF-kappa B-CCL2 Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Junming Chen et al.

Summary: The study reveals HMGA1 as a crucial regulator of macrophage recruitment by activating NF-kappa B-CCL2 signaling, proving that HMGA1-induced HCC aggressiveness depends on macrophages.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Steatohepatitis Impairs T-cell-Directed Immunotherapies Against Liver Tumors in Mice

Bernd Heinrich et al.

Summary: This study found that steatohepatitis reduces infiltration of CD4(+) T cells and effector memory cells in liver tumors, which decreases the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents like M30 and aOX40 in inhibiting tumor growth. N-acetylcysteine can restore T-cell numbers in tumors and enhance the ability of M30 and aOX40 to slow tumor growth in mice.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Inhibition of PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling decreases visfatin-induced invasion in liver cancer cells

Candace Miethe et al.

Summary: This study aimed to determine the signaling pathways by which Visfatin may promote liver cancer progression. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways suppressed Visfatin-induced invasion, viability, MMP-9 activation, and ROS production in liver cancer cells.

HORMONE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Oncology

Impact of Sarcopenia, BMI, and Inflammatory Biomarkers on Survival in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated With Anti-PD-1 Antibody

Mehmet Akce et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of sarcopenia, body mass index (BMI), and inflammatory biomarkers on survival in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with anti-PD-1 antibody-based immunotherapy. The results showed that higher baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was associated with worse overall survival, while sex-specific sarcopenia and BMI <25 were also linked to poorer survival outcomes.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Glycolysis fuels phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling to bolster T cell immunity

Ke Xu et al.

Summary: The passage discusses the impact of infection on T cell immune response, highlighting the crucial role of glycolytic enzyme LDHA in regulating the PI3K-Akt-Foxo1 signaling pathway, a mechanism that serves as a key factor in controlling T cell immunity.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Oncology

Adipocytokines visfatin and resistin in breast cancer: Clinical relevance, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic potential

Yen-Yun Wang et al.

Summary: Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for breast cancer, with adipocytokines like visfatin and resistin playing important roles in tumor-stromal interactions and breast cancer development. Therapeutic strategies targeting these adipocytokines hold promise for novel breast cancer therapies.

CANCER LETTERS (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Association of Adipose Tissue and Adipokines with Development of Obesity-Induced Liver Cancer

Yetirajam Rajesh et al.

Summary: Obesity is closely associated with metabolic diseases and an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Adipocytes play a significant role in cancer development through the secretion of adipokines, which also contribute to chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets related to obesity-associated metabolic diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The cancer metabolic reprogramming and immune response

Longzheng Xia et al.

Summary: The overlapping metabolic reprogramming between cancer and immune cells is an important factor affecting the antitumor immune response, involving metabolic competition, nutrient limitation, and impaired immune cell function. Studies have shown that metabolic reprogramming is essential for maintaining immune cell homeostasis and executing effector functions during immune responses.

MOLECULAR CANCER (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Metabolic support of tumour-infiltrating regulatory T cells by lactic acid

McLane J. Watson et al.

Summary: T-reg cells exhibit broad heterogeneity in glucose metabolism within normal and transformed tissues, utilizing an alternative metabolic pathway to maintain their suppressive function and proliferation. Glucose uptake is correlated with poorer suppressive function and long-term instability, while high-glucose conditions impair T-reg cell function and stability. Additionally, T-reg cells upregulate pathways involved in the metabolism of lactic acid, with lactate uptake being dispensable for peripheral T-reg cells but required intratumorally for slowed tumor growth and increased response to immunotherapy.

NATURE (2021)

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Review Immunology

NLRP3 inflammasome in cancer and metabolic diseases

Bhesh Raj Sharma et al.

Summary: The NLRP3 inflammasome plays diverse roles in cancer and metabolic diseases, being involved in the release of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cell death upon activation. While inflammatory cytokines contribute to chronic inflammation and disease pathogenesis, fine tuning NLRP3 activity is crucial for maintaining cellular health.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Resistin: A journey from metabolism to cancer

Ankita Deb et al.

Summary: Resistin, a small secretory molecule, is implicated in insulin resistance development under obese conditions. It is associated with metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Studies suggest it plays a pivotal role in cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, inflammation, and metabolism.

TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The Emerging Role of B Cells in the Pathogenesis of NAFLD

Fanta Barrow et al.

Summary: NAFLD is a leading cause of abnormal liver function globally, with inflammatory B cells playing a crucial role in the progression of the disease, potentially promoting disease development through the production of proinflammatory cytokines.

HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Lactate supports a metabolic-epigenetic link in macrophage polarization

Jordan T. Noe et al.

Summary: Lactate accumulation plays a key role in the activation of M2 macrophages, promoting histone acetylation, M2 gene transcription, and functional immune suppression. Metabolism of M2 macrophages is dependent on mitochondrial function and the glucose/lactate metabolic pathway.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Metabolic Spectrum of Liver Failure in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: From NAFLD to NASH to HCC

Hyunmi Kim et al.

Summary: Liver disease encompasses a spectrum of liver damage from simple steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma, with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes often coexisting. Despite the lack of suitable drugs for NAFLD and NASH, thiazolidinediones drugs are sometimes used to improve liver failure.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

A Complex Metabolic Network Confers Immunosuppressive Functions to Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) within the Tumour Microenvironment

Francesca Hofer et al.

Summary: Research has shown that myeloid-derived suppressor cells play a crucial role in immune regulation within the tumor microenvironment, with their metabolic pathways and functions being essential for cancer progression.

CELLS (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Acetylation of lactate dehydrogenase B drives NAFLD progression by impairing lactate clearance

Tongxin Wang et al.

Summary: The study found that hyperacetylation of LDHB in NAFL and NASH livers leads to lactate accumulation, exacerbating lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. Inhibition of PCAF and the generation of an acetylation-deficient mutant of LDHB can ameliorate NASH, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for the disease.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

NASH limits anti-tumour surveillance in immunotherapy-treated HCC

Dominik Pfister et al.

Summary: The study investigated the impact of NASH on immunotherapy response in HCC patients and found that NASH-HCC may be less responsive to immunotherapy. Aberrant T cell activation caused by NASH-related tissue damage led to impaired immune surveillance in HCC patients.

NATURE (2021)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Carbohydrates, insulin, and obesity

John R. Speakman et al.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Interferon-α-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells drive the loss of adipose tissue regulatory T cells during obesity

Chaoran Li et al.

Summary: Lean mice have a unique population of regulatory T cells in their visceral adipose tissue, which disappears in obese mice. The obese mice's VAT is enriched in plasmacytoid dendritic cells that express interferon-alpha, which are toxic to PPAR gamma(+) VAT-Tregs and lead to their loss. Blocking this pathway in obese mice can restore the VAT-Treg population and improve insulin sensitivity.

CELL METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Induced by TGF-beta in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Reprograms Lipid Metabolism

Jitka Soukupova et al.

Summary: EMT induced by TGF-beta in HCC cells reprograms lipid metabolism to facilitate the utilization of FFA and the entry of acetyl-CoA into the TCA cycle, to sustain the elevated requirements of energy linked to this process.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Epidemiology and risk-stratification of NAFLD-associated HCC

George N. Ioannou

Summary: NAFLD is projected to be the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and is associated with risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, Hispanic ethnicity, and genetic polymorphisms. Lipotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage may lead to hepatocarcinogenesis, especially in the absence of cirrhosis. Validated models to identify high-risk patients for hepatocellular carcinoma in NAFLD are currently unavailable.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Regulatory T-cell and neutrophil extracellular trap interaction contributes to carcinogenesis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Han Wang et al.

Summary: The study shows an increased number of Tregs in NASH-HCC, and depleting Tregs can inhibit the initiation and progression of HCC. There is a positive correlation between increased NETs and hepatic Tregs levels, and NETs promote Treg activity through metabolic reprogramming, linking innate and adaptive immunity. Therapies targeting NETs and Treg interactions may offer a potential strategy for preventing HCC in NASH patients.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

YAP-induced Ccl2 expression is associated with a switch in hepatic macrophage identity and vascular remodelling in liver cancer

Stefan Thomann et al.

Summary: The study revealed that YAP/TEAD4-regulated Ccl2 is associated with the recruitment of unpolarized M phi(imm) macrophages and may contribute to a proangiogenic microenvironment in liver cancer.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Favorable response to second-line atezolizumab and bevacizumab following progression on nivolumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma A case report demonstrating that anti-VEGF therapy overcomes resistance to checkpoint inhibition

Brandon Swed et al.

Summary: A male patient with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma achieved a favorable response with different treatments, showing tolerance to vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, suggesting the potential of new strategic combination therapies in treatment.

MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Insulin signaling establishes a developmental trajectory of adipose regulatory T cells

Yangyang Li et al.

Summary: Insulin signaling plays a crucial role in controlling the development and functionality of adipose tissue-resident regulatory T cells. The study identified distinct subsets of T-reg cells with different clonal expansion patterns and revealed a state transition between these subsets. Mechanistically, insulin signaling drives the transition of T-reg cells through a HIF-1 alpha-Med23-PPAR-gamma axis, impacting adipose tissue dynamics in aged and obese contexts.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Cystathionine β-synthase mediated PRRX2/IL-6/STAT3 inactivation suppresses Tregs infiltration and induces apoptosis to inhibit HCC carcinogenesis

Yu-Fu Zhou et al.

Summary: The study revealed that CBS plays an anti-tumor role in HCC by promoting cellular apoptosis, inhibiting tumor growth through inactivation of the PRRX2/IL-6/STAT3 pathway. Additionally, CBS can reduce the abundance of tumor-infiltrating Tregs, thus suppressing immune evasion.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

The Role of Irisin in Cancer Disease

Agnieszka Pinkowska et al.

Summary: Irisin is a adipomyokine that regulates metabolic processes and inflammation, potentially influencing cancer as well. It is secreted not only by skeletal muscles, but also present in various healthy tissues and organs. Studies have shown that Irisin can promote the transformation of white adipose tissue, inhibit the proliferation and migration of cancer cells.

CELLS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Serum Total Adiponectin in Healthy Pre-Pubertal Nigerian School Children

C. A. Nri-Ezedi et al.

Summary: This study investigated the adiponectin profile in apparently healthy pre-pubertal Nigerian school children. The results showed that adiponectin levels vary with sex, age, and BMI, indicating the need for further local studies to clarify its role in managing associated disease states.

NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE (2021)

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Article Oncology

Attenuated TGFB signalling in macrophages decreases susceptibility to DMBA-induced mammary cancer in mice

Xuan Sun et al.

Summary: Attenuation of TGFB signaling in macrophages resulted in increased alveolar epithelium and macrophage abundance in the mammary gland, with altered inflammatory macrophage markers. This led to a significant decrease in mammary tumor incidence and prolonged tumor-free survival. In human non-neoplastic breast tissue, a significant inverse relationship was observed between latent TGFB1 protein and CD68-positive macrophages.

BREAST CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

PIWIL1 governs the crosstalk of cancer cell metabolism and immunosuppressive microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma

Ning Wang et al.

Summary: The altered energy metabolism of cancer cells shapes the immune cell response in the tumor microenvironment, and PIWIL1 plays a critical role in mediating the crosstalk between fatty acid metabolism and immune response in HCC. Overexpression of PIWIL1 promotes HCC proliferation and growth by enhancing fatty acid metabolism and attracting MDSCs into the tumor microenvironment. Targeting PIWIL1 may offer a potential novel treatment strategy for HCC.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Macrophage Polarization and Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Hai Wang et al.

Summary: Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury is a hot research topic in recent years, related to liver surgery and transplantation. Macrophages play a crucial role in triggering and maintaining liver IRI.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

NASH limits anti-tumour surveillance in immunotherapy-treated HCC

Dominik Pfister et al.

Summary: The text discusses the impact of NASH on the development of HCC and the effect of immunotherapy, revealing the accumulation of exhausted and unconventionally activated CD8(+)PD1(+) T cells in NASH-affected livers. In preclinical models of NASH-induced HCC, anti-PD1 treatment led to an increase in HCC, with CD8(+) T cells contributing to this increase.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

STAT3 Activation-Induced Fatty Acid Oxidation in CD8+ T Effector Cells Is Critical for Obesity-Promoted Breast Tumor Growth

Chunyan Zhang et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2020)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Adaptive immunity: an emerging player in the progression of NAFLD

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NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Enhanced Lipid Accumulation and Metabolism Are Required for the Differentiation and Activation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages

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The impact of body composition parameters on severe toxicity of nivolumab

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER (2020)

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High Serum Levels of Cholesterol Increase Anti-tumor Functions of Nature Killer Cells and Reduce Growth of Liver Tumors in Mice

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GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Association Between Body Mass Index and Overall Survival With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

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JAMA ONCOLOGY (2020)

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RIPK3 Orchestrates Fatty Acid Metabolism in Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Hepatocarcinogenesis

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CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2020)

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IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2020)

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The Effects of Obesity on Anti-Cancer Immunity and Cancer Immunotherapy

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B Cell Immunosenescence

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Should bariatric surgery be offered for hepatocellular adenomas in obese patients?

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SURGERY FOR OBESITY AND RELATED DISEASES (2020)

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Obesity Shapes Metabolism in the Tumor Microenvironment to Suppress Anti-Tumor Immunity

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Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Tumor Immunity

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FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Effect of excess weight and immune-related adverse events on the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 antibodies

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A multicenter study of body mass index in cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors: when overweight becomes favorable

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Cholesterol Induces CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion in the Tumor Microenvironment

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CELL METABOLISM (2019)

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Adiponectin, Obesity, and Cancer: Clash of the Bigwigs in Health and Disease

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Lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis of western diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in female LdIr-/- mice

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Immunomodulatory TGF-β Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2019)

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Visfatin Induces Inflammation and Insulin Resistance via the NF-κB and STAT3 Signaling Pathways in Hepatocytes

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The Obesity Paradox in Cancer, Tumor Immunology, and Immunotherapy: Potential Therapeutic Implications in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

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A Novel Role for Triglyceride Metabolism in Foxp3 Expression

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The Obese Liver Environment Mediates Conversion of NK Cells to a Less Cytotoxic ILC1-Like Phenotype

Antonia O. Cuff et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Irisin: A Hope in Understanding and Managing Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

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FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2019)

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Rapid Depletions of Subcutaneous Fat Mass and Skeletal Muscle Mass Predict Worse Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Sorafenib

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New Insights into the Liver-Visceral Adipose Axis During Hepatic Resection and Liver Transplantation

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Risk factors for immune-related adverse events associated with anti-PD-1 pembrolizumab

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

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Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: From pathophysiology to therapeutics

Stergios A. Polyzos et al.

METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL (2019)

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Paradoxical effects of obesity on T cell function during tumor progression and PD-1 checkpoint blockade

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Blocking IL-1β reverses the immunosuppression in mouse breast cancer and synergizes with anti-PD-1 for tumor abrogation

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2019)

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Body Composition Is an Independent Predictor of Outcome in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Sorafenib

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LIVER CANCER (2019)

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Targeting lipid metabolism to overcome EMT-associated drug resistance via integrin β3/FAK pathway and tumor-associated macrophage repolarization using legumain-activatable delivery

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THERANOSTICS (2019)

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Obesity linking to hepatocellular carcinoma: A global view

Lu Gan et al.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER (2018)

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LXR/ApoE Activation Restricts Innate Immune Suppression in Cancer

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B lymphocytes limit senescence-driven fibrosis resolution and favor hepatocarcinogenesis in mouse liver injury

Francesca Faggioli et al.

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Carnitine palmitoyltransferase gene upregulation by linoleic acid induces CD4+ T cell apoptosis promoting HCC development

Zachary J. Brown et al.

CELL DEATH & DISEASE (2018)

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No Muscle Depletion with High Visceral Fat as a Novel Beneficial Biomarker of Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Issei Saeki et al.

LIVER CANCER (2018)

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Metabolic reprogramming of natural killer cells in obesity limits antitumor responses

Xavier Michelet et al.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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An inflammatory-CCRK circuitry drives mTORC1-dependent metabolic and immunosuppressive reprogramming in obesity-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Hanyong Sun et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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The role of visfatin in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes (GDM)

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Visfatin increases miR-21 to promote migration in HCC

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CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2018)

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Fatty acid metabolism in macrophages: a target in cardio-metabolic diseases

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CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY (2017)

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B Cell Activity Is Impaired in Human and Mouse Obesity and Is Responsive to an Essential Fatty Acid upon Murine Influenza Infection

Rasagna Kosaraju et al.

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Inflammation-induced IgA+ cells dismantle anti-liver cancer immunity

Shabnam Shalapour et al.

NATURE (2017)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

The cellular and molecular bases of leptin and ghrelin resistance in obesity

Huxing Cui et al.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2017)

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Glucose represses dendritic cell-induced T cell responses

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

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The Impact of Ghrelin in Metabolic Diseases: An Immune Perspective

Jessica Aparecida da Silva Pereira et al.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES RESEARCH (2017)

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Article Oncology

Exogenous lipid uptake induces metabolic and functional reprogramming of tumor-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells

Amir A. Al-Khami et al.

ONCOIMMUNOLOGY (2017)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Clinical outcomes of patients with and without diabetes mellitus after hepatectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Qingshan Li et al.

PLOS ONE (2017)

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Foxp3 Reprograms T Cell Metabolism to Function in Low-Glucose, High-Lactate Environments

Alessia Angelin et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2017)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Resistin's, obesity and insulin resistance: the continuing disconnect between rodents and humans

X. Huang et al.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION (2016)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Liver Cancer: Connections with Obesity, Fatty Liver, and Cirrhosis

Andrea Marengo et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE, VOL 67 (2016)

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Obesity, Inflammation, and Cancer

Tuo Deng et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY: MECHANISMS OF DISEASE, VOL 11 (2016)

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Macrophage Metabolism Controls Tumor Blood Vessel Morphogenesis and Metastasis

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CELL METABOLISM (2016)

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Hypoxia-regulated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Sander Lefere et al.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES (2016)

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Article Immunology

Leptin directly promotes T-cell glycolytic metabolism to drive effector T-cell differentiation in a mouse model of autoimmunity

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2016)

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NAFLD causes selective CD4+ T lymphocyte loss and promotes hepatocarcinogenesis

Chi Ma et al.

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TGFβ1-Mediated SMAD3 Enhances PD-1 Expression on Antigen-Specific T Cells in Cancer

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CANCER DISCOVERY (2016)

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Circulating resistin levels and obesity-related cancer risk: a meta-analysis

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ONCOTARGET (2016)

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Adipose-Derived Stems Cells and Their Role in Human Cancer Development, Growth, Progression, and Metastasis: A Systematic Review

Kyle E. Freese et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2015)

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Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Nutrient Competition: A New Axis of Tumor Immunosuppression

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CELL (2015)

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Pyruvate Kinase M2 Regulates Hif-1α Activity and IL-1β Induction and Is a Critical Determinant of the Warburg Effect in LPS-Activated Macrophages

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CELL METABOLISM (2015)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Visceral fat area predicts survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors

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DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE (2015)

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Inhibition of B Lymphopoiesis by Adipocytes and IL-1-Producing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

Domenick E. Kennedy et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Article Oncology

Autophagy induction by leptin contributes to suppression of apoptosis in cancer cells and xenograft model: Involvement of p53/FoxO3A axis

Saroj Nepal et al.

ONCOTARGET (2015)

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Article Oncology

Inhibition of Fatty Acid Oxidation Modulates Immunosuppressive Functions of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Enhances Cancer Therapies

Fokhrul Hossain et al.

CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2015)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Metabolic control of B cells: more questions than answers

Melania Capasso et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase attenuates hepatocellular carcinoma cell adhesion stimulated by adipokine resistin

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BMC CANCER (2014)

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Regulatory B cells accelerate hepatocellular carcinoma progression via CD40/CD154 signaling pathway

Yan Shao et al.

CANCER LETTERS (2014)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Increased Adipocyte O2 Consumption Triggers HIF-1α, Causing Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Obesity

Yun Sok Lee et al.

CELL (2014)

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Article Cell Biology

The Glucose Transporter Glut1 Is Selectively Essential for CD4 T Cell Activation and Effector Function

Andrew N. Macintyre et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2014)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

B Lymphocytes in obesity-related adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance

Daniel A. Winer et al.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES (2014)

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Obesity and Liver Cancer

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CLINICS IN LIVER DISEASE (2014)

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Article Immunology

Insulin Inhibits IL-10-Mediated Regulatory T Cell Function: Implications for Obesity

Jonathan M. Han et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2014)

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Effects of obesity, diabetes and exercise on Fndc5 gene expression and irisin release in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: in vivo and in vitro studies

Timea Kurdiova et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (2014)

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Review Oncology

TGF-β: Duality of Function Between Tumor Prevention and Carcinogenesis

Daniel R. Principe et al.

JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE (2014)

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Article Cell Biology

Leptin-cytokine crosstalk in breast cancer

Gale Newman et al.

MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY (2014)

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Peripheral blood leucocyte subclasses as potential biomarkers of adipose tissue inflammation and obesity subphenotypes in humans

T. Pecht et al.

OBESITY REVIEWS (2014)

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HCC Development Is Associated to Peripheral Insulin Resistance in a Mouse Model of NASH

Samuele De Minicis et al.

PLOS ONE (2014)

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Adipose Natural Regulatory B Cells Negatively Control Adipose Tissue Inflammation

Satoshi Nishimura et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2013)

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Fibrosis and Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

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CELL METABOLISM (2013)

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Review Oncology

Obesity, adipokines and hepatocellular carcinoma

Xiao-Feng Duan et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Association between IL-1B Polymorphisms and Cancer Risk

Jiali Xu et al.

PLOS ONE (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

B cells promote inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes through regulation of T-cell function and an inflammatory cytokine profile

Jason DeFuria et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2013)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Obesity, inflammation, and liver cancer

Beicheng Sun et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2012)

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Article Rheumatology

Inflammatory cytokines in cancer: tumour necrosis factor and interleukin 6 take the stage

Sergei I. Grivennikov et al.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2011)

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Article Oncology

Possible Role of Visfatin in Hepatoma Progression and the Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Visfatin-Induced Proliferation in Human Hepatoma Cells

Soranobu Ninomiya et al.

CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH (2011)

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Article Cell Biology

Protection from Obesity and Diabetes by Blockade of TGF-β/Smad3 Signaling

Hariom Yadav et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2011)

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Minireview: IGF, Insulin, and Cancer

Emily J. Gallagher et al.

ENDOCRINOLOGY (2011)

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Review Oncology

Targeting insulin-like growth factor axis in hepatocellular carcinoma

Jennifer Wu et al.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2011)

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Senescence surveillance of pre-malignant hepatocytes limits liver cancer development

Tae-Won Kang et al.

NATURE (2011)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Influence of BMI on Level of Circulating Progenitor Cells

Charles F. Bellows et al.

OBESITY (2011)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Transcriptional and post-translational regulation of adiponectin

Meilian Liu et al.

BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL (2010)

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Article Oncology

CD4+ T Cells Contribute to the Remodeling of the Microenvironment Required for Sustained Tumor Regression upon Oncogene Inactivation

Kavya Rakhra et al.

CANCER CELL (2010)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Dietary and Genetic Obesity Promote Liver Inflammation and Tumorigenesis by Enhancing IL-6 and TNF Expression

Eek Joong Park et al.

CELL (2010)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Adiponectin Modulates C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Neeraj K. Saxena et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2010)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Adiponectin Antagonizes the Oncogenic Actions of Leptin in Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis

Dipali Sharma et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2010)

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Article Immunology

Obesity Increases the Production of Proinflammatory Mediators from Adipose Tissue T Cells and Compromises TCR Repertoire Diversity: Implications for Systemic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance

Hyunwon Yang et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2010)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Leptin in hepatocellular carcinoma

Shen-Nien Wang et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2010)

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Article Surgery

Safety of Liver Resections in Obese and Overweight Patients

Silvio Balzan et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY (2010)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

IGFBP-3, hypoxia and TNF-α inhibit adiponectin transcription

Giovanna Zappala et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2009)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

High fat diet induces dysregulation of hepatic oxygen gradients and mitochondrial function in vivo

Sudheer K. Mantena et al.

BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL (2009)

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Obesity accelerates thymic aging

Hyunwon Yang et al.

BLOOD (2009)

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Article Oncology

The Liver Is a Site for Tumor-induced Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Accumulation and Immunosuppression

Dan Ilkovitch et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2009)

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Article Cell Biology

Essential Role of TGF-β Signaling in Glucose-Induced Cell Hypertrophy

Liyu Wu et al.

DEVELOPMENTAL CELL (2009)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Are Natural Killer Cells Protecting the Metabolically Healthy Obese Patient?

Lydia A. Lynch et al.

OBESITY (2009)

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Article Immunology

Glucose deprivation inhibits multiple key gene expression events and effector functions in CD8+ T cells

Candace M. Cham et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2008)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Leptin-leptin receptor are involved in angiogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Domenico Ribatti et al.

PEPTIDES (2008)

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Article Oncology

Overweight, obesity and risk of liver cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

S. C. Larsson et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER (2007)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatocellular carcinoma: Epidemiology and molecular carcinogenesis

Hashem B. El-Serag et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2007)

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Article Hematology

Inhibitory effect of tumor cell-derived lactic acid on human T cells

Karin Fischer et al.

BLOOD (2007)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Serum adiponectin, interleukin-10 levels and inflammatory markers in the metabolic syndrome

K. M. Choi et al.

DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE (2007)

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Review Oncology

Adiponectin and cancer: a systematic review

I Kelesidis et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER (2006)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Resistin

PG McTernan et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY (2006)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

CCR2 modulates inflammatory and metabolic effects of high-fat feeding

SP Weisberg et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2006)

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Review Oncology

The role of IL-6 and STAT3 in inflammation and cancer

DR Hodge et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER (2005)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Obesity

DW Haslam et al.

LANCET (2005)

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Article Physiology

Molecular cloning and expression of leptin in gray and harbor seal blubber, bone marrow, and lung and its potential role in marine mammal respiratory physiology

JA Hammond et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY (2005)

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Review Allergy

Adipose tissue, adipokines, and inflammation

G Fantuzzi

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2005)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of US adults

EE Calle et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2003)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Genomic organization of the gene coding for human pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor and expression in human fetal membranes

S Ognjanovic et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY (2001)

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