Extraction of Novel Bioactive Peptides from Fish Protein Hydrolysates by Enzymatic Reactions

Bioactive peptides derived from fish the byproduct protein hydrolysate have wide potential as functional food ingredients. The preparation of bioactive peptides is commonly achieved via enzymatic hydrolysis; this is the most preferred method because it has high specificity, fewer residual organic solvents in the product, and it is usually carried out in mild conditions. The use of various enzymes such as proteases is widely practiced in the industry, yet there are various limitations as it is of high cost and there is a limited availability of food-grade enzymes in the market. Moreover, high-throughput purification and the identification analysis of these peptides are currently being studied to further understand the functionality and characterization of the bioactive peptides. This review mainly focuses on the novel bioactive peptides derived from fish protein hydrolysates from various fish wastes and byproducts. The hydrolysis conditions, source of hydrolysate, and amino acid sequence of these novel peptides are presented, along with their corresponding methods of analysis in purification and identification. The use of various enzymes yields novel peptides with potent bioactivities, such as antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antiglycemic, antitumor, and antioxidative biological functions. The increasing interest in proteomics in marine and aquatic waste utilization continues due to these products' bioactivity and sustainability.

Automated summary

Bioactive peptides derived from fish byproduct protein hydrolysate have vast potential as functional food ingredients. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the preferred method for the preparation of these peptides due to its high specificity, mild reaction conditions, and lack of residual organic solvents. However, the use of proteases and the availability of food-grade enzymes pose limitations. Current research focuses on the purification and identification of these peptides, as well as their bioactivities, including antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antiglycemic, antitumor, and antioxidative functions. The growing interest in proteomics and the utilization of marine and aquatic waste stems from the bioactivity and sustainability of these products.