Recipient, donor, and surgical factors leading to primary graft dysfunction after lung transplant

Background: Primary graft dysfunction is a major cause of early mortality following lung transplantation. The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation subdivides it into 4 grades of increasing severity.Methods: A retrospective review of the institutional lung transplant database from March 2018 to September 2021 was performed. Patients were stratified into three groups: primary graft dysfunction grade 0 patients, grade 1 or 2 patients, and grade 3 patients. Recipient, donor, and surgical variables were analyzed by logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for primary graft dysfunction grade 1 or 2 and grade 3.Results: Primary graft dysfunction grade 1 to 3 occurred in 45.0% of the cohort (n=68) of whom 33.3% (n=23) had primary graft dysfunction grade 3. Longer operative time was more common in primary graft dysfunction grade 1 to 3 patients (P<0.001). The 1-year survival of the patients with primary graft dysfunction grade 3 was lower than the others (grade 0-2 vs. 3, 93.7% vs. 65.2%, P=0.0006). Univariate analysis showed that acute respiratory distress syndrome, operative time, and intraoperative veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use were risk factors for primary graft dysfunction grades 1 or 2 and grade 3. Multivariate analysis identified that intraoperative veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use was an independent risk factor of primary graft dysfunction grade 1 or 2. Patients with an operative time of more than 8.18 hours had significantly higher incidence of primary graft dysfunction grade 3, acute kidney injury, and digital ischemia.Conclusions: The calculated predictors of primary graft dysfunction grade 1 or 2 were similar to those of primary graft dysfunction grade 3.

Automated summary

A retrospective study analyzed surgical variables of lung transplant patients and identified risk factors associated with primary graft dysfunction (PGD). The results showed that longer operative time and intraoperative veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) use were associated with the occurrence of PGD, and higher grades of PGD were associated with lower 1-year survival rate. These findings are important for predicting and intervening in the occurrence of PGD.