Healthcare resource utilization and costs of care in the United States for patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Aims This retrospective, observational cohort study aimed to determine the burden of comorbidities, hospitalization, and healthcare costs among patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the United States stratified by fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) or body mass index (BMI). Methods Adults with NASH were identified in the Veradigm Health Insights Electronic Health Record Database and linked Komodo claims data. The index date was the earliest coded NASH diagnosis between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020 with valid FIB-4 and >= 6 months of database activity and continuous enrollment pre- and post-index. We excluded patients with viral hepatitis, alcohol-use disorder, or alcoholic liver disease. Patients were stratified by FIB-4: FIB-4 <= 0.95, 0.95 < FIB-4 <= 2.67, 2.67 < FIB-4 <= 4.12, FIB-4 > 4.12) or BMI (BMI <25, 25 <= BMI <= 30, BMI > 30). Multivariate analysis was used to assess the relationship of FIB-4 with costs and hospitalizations. Results Among 6,743 qualifying patients, index FIB-4 was <= 0.95 for 2,345 patents, 0.95-2.67 for 3,289 patients, 2.67-4.12 for 571 patients, and >4.12 for 538 patients (mean age 55.8 years; 62.9% female). Mean age, comorbidity burden, cardiovascular disease risk, and healthcare utilization increased with increasing FIB-4. Mean +/- SD annual costs increased from $16,744 +/-$53,810 to $34,667 +/-$67,691 between the lowest and highest FIB-4 cohorts and were higher among patients with BMI <25 ($24,568 +/-$81,250) than BMI >30 ($21,542 +/-$61,490). A one-unit increase in FIB-4 at index was associated with a 3.4% (95%CI: 1.7%-5.2%) increase in mean total annual cost and an 11.6% (95%CI: 8.0%-15.3%) increased likelihood of hospitalization. Conclusions A higher FIB-4 was associated with increased healthcare costs and risk of hospitalization in adults with NASH; however, even patients with FIB-4 <= 0.95 presented a significant burden.

Automated summary

This study aimed to determine the burden of comorbidities, hospitalization, and healthcare costs among patients with NASH in the US. The results showed that higher FIB-4 scores were associated with increased healthcare costs and risk of hospitalization.