Cell- and subcellular organelle-targeting nanoparticle-mediated breast cancer therapy

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor, surpassing lung cancer as the most frequent malignancy in women. Drug resistance, metastasis, and immune escape are the major factors affecting patient survival and represent a huge challenge in BC treatment in clinic. The cell- and subcellular organelle-targeting nanoparticles-mediated targeted BC therapy may be an effective modality for immune evasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Nanocarriers, efficiently delivering small molecules and macromolecules, are used to target subcellular apparatuses with excellent targeting, controlled delivery, and fewer side effects. This study summarizes and critically analyzes the latest organic nanoparticle-mediated subcellular targeted therapeutic based on chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy in detail, and discusses the challenges and opportunities of nanoparticle therapy.

Automated summary

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women, with drug resistance, metastasis, and immune escape posing significant challenges in its treatment. Nanoparticles that target specific cell and subcellular organelles offer a potential solution for immune evasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. This study provides a detailed summary and critical analysis of the latest subcellular targeted therapies using organic nanoparticles, including chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy, and discusses the challenges and opportunities of nanoparticle therapy.